Linde Bangladesh Essay Example

Linde Bangladesh Essay Linde Bangladesh Limited (formerly BOC Bangladesh Limited) a multinational organization that has been present in the country for nearly 60 years with continuous expansion in operations and business, providing global solutions with a local outlook. With a modest appearance at the beginning, all the products of Linde Bangladesh Limited are now part and parcel of all the industrial and economic activities of the country. The selected topic of this internship report is â€Å"A Comprehensive Study on the Distribution Channel of the Welding Business of Linde Bangladesh Limited. † First part of the report talks about the organization; its nature as well as other introductory element of the company . Second part of the report covers the introduction of the project along with the project’s objectives, scope, statement of the problems etc. The next part strives to discuss about the Welding Business of Linde Bangladesh as well as the Distribution department of the welding business with its major functions. Linde Bangladesh is a leading manufacturer of welding electrodes and provides one stop solution for cutting and joining through countrywide distribution network. Countrywide the company has 18 sales centre based at different locations to serve more than 800 dealers. Country as a whole is demarcated into five region each region consists of four territories. To operate the whole distribution process Linde Bangladesh has one Sales manager for each region who looks after the overall distribution process of the territories under that particular region. However one CRO (Customer relationship officer) and one CSA (Customer relationship assistant) are assigned for each territory. They usually use pick up to deliver their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some report about vehicles movements, amount of products carried per day, maps illustrates how Linde Bangladesh is utilizing their distribution resources. The focused area of this report is Khulna, so I tried to discuss about the current scenario of the distribution process of Khulna territory as well as the areas of problems which is facing by them. Order placement plays a vital role in distribution process. Therefore the functions of iConnect have been portrayed to get an idea about the role played by iConnect in order placement process of the company. Moreover, as Linde Bangladesh deals with environment sensitive and dangerous element, it tries to ensure the safety measures also. The Company maintains a standard for their vehicles as well as their drivers for ensuring the safety issues. Linde Bangladesh uses some software and electronic devices for making its vehicles safer. For ensuring the optimization of vehicle in the distribution process, the company keeps trip list report summarizes all the trips for a specific asset over a specified period of time. The report shows start and stop times and location, including total travelling time, distance, and quantity of products distributes. In spite of having a strong distribution network, some areas have been found that needs to be improved. Finally, in recommendation part, some suggestions such as dividing routes, employing higher capacity vehicle, optimizing delivery schedule are given to capture the maximum utility from the market in future. Table of Contents |Name of the Topic |Page Number | |Letter of transmittal. 3 | |Letter of Endorsements by the supervisor |4 | |Acknowledgment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |5 | |Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |6-7 | |CHAPTER-01: Overview Of LINDE BANGLADESH LIMITED Bangladesh Ltd | |1. 0 Organization Profile Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |13 | |1. 1 History of Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |13-14 | |1. 1. 1 Merger Acquisition with Linde AG †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |15 | |1. 1. 2 Common History †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |15-16 | |1. 2 About Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |16-17 | |1. 2. 1 Vision Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |17-18 | |1. 2. 2 Market Position†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |19 | |1. 2. 3 Safety Matters †¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 | |1. 2. 4 Internal Control †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |20 | |1. 2. 5 Financial Results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |20 | |1. 2. 6 Locations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |21-22 | |1. 2. 7 Organizational Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |23 | |1. 2. 8 Range of Products and Service†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. |23-26 | | CHAPTER -02: Introduction to the Study | |2. Introduction to the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |28 | |2. 1 Rationale of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |28 | |2. 2 Statement of the problem. |28 | |2. 3 Scope Delimitation of the sutdy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |28-29 | |2. 4 Objectives of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |29 | |2. 4. 1 Primary Objective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |29 | |2. 4. Specific Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |29 | | CHAPTER -03: Review of related literature regarding the welding industry and marketer | |3. 0 Review of related literature regarding the welding industry and marketer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. | | |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |31 | |3. 1 Welding Industry in Bangladesh †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |31 | |3. 2 Welding Industry Performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ |32-33 | |3. Distribution Operations of the Welding Business Linde Bangladesh Limited |33-36 | |3. 3. 1 Distributor Channel Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |36 | |3. 4 Safety Management of Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |36 | |3. 4. 1. Golden Rules of Safety of Linde Bangladesh †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |37 | |3. 4. 2. Driver’s Safety. 37-39 | |3. 4. 3. Vehicle’s Safety.. |39 | |3. 4. 4. Golden Rules on Driving and Vehicles.. |39-40 | |3. 4. 5. Truck Avoidable Accident Rate. |40 | |3. 4. 6. Managing Safety Standard |40-41 | |3. 4. 7. Automatic Vehicle Location system (AVLS). |41-42 | |3. 4. 8. System Overview |43-44 | |3. 4. 9. General Features and Benefits of AVLS |44 | |3. 4. 10. Web-based Vehicle Tracking System .. |45 | |3. 4. 11. General Features and Benefits (Web based vehicle tracking system).. |46 | |3. 4. 12. Standard Violations |46 | |3. 4. 13. User-defined Violations |46 | |3. 4. 14. Trips List Report.. |47 | |3. 4. 15. Second-by-Second Incident Analysis |47 | |3. 4. 16. Vehicle Immobilization 47 | |3. 4. 17. Anti-theft Options.. |48 | |3. 4. 18. Why we choose AVLS. |48-49 | |3. 4. 19. Driver profiling. |49 | |3. 4. 20. Accident analysis. |49 | |3. . 21. |49-50 | |Security. |50-51 | |3. 4. 22. Benefits of Business.. |51 | |3. 5 Review of Literature related to the Distribution. |52 | |3. 5. 1 Distribution Objectives. |52 | |3. . 2 Distribution Strategy: |52-54 | |3. 5. 3 Distribution Channels Key Concepts Steps:. | | |Chapter 4. Methodology | |4. 0 Methodology †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |56 | |4. 1 Primary Data Collection.. |56 | |4. Secondary Data Collection. |56 | |4. 3 Mechanical Tools†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |56 | |Chapter 05 Analysis and Interpretation of Data | |5. 0. Analysis and Interpretation of Data. |58 | |5. 1. Distribution Channel Management of Linde Bangladesh in Khulna.. |58-59 | |5. 2. Linde Bangladesh iConnect.. |59 | |5. 2. 1. Benefits of iConnect |59-60 | |5. 2. 2. Information Collected by iConnect.. |60 | |5. 2. 3. How iConnect works. |61 | |5. 2. 4. iConnect Communication Channels. 61 | |5. 2. 5. iConnect Reminder |61-62 | |5. 2. 6. Some important command used in iConnect.. |62 | |5. 2. 7. iConnect Technical Architecture |63 | |5. 3. Important features regarding the cost of Managing Distribution.. |64 | |5. 3. 1. Total Distribution Cost per Distance Travelled.. 64 | |5. 3. 2 Total Variable Cost. |64 | |5. 3. 2. 1. Total Overtime Cost.. |64 | |5. 3. 2. 2. Total Fuel Cost |64-65 | |5. 3. 2. 3. Others |65 | |. 65 | |5. 3. 3. Total Fixed Cost. |66 | |5. 4. Effectivity Analysis of the distribution process of Linde Bangladesh |66 | |5. 4. 1. Capacity Utilization.. |66-67 | |5. 4. 2. Time Utilization.. |67 | |5. 4. 3. Deviations from Schedule | | |5. 5. Performance regarding the slowness and the fastness consumption of the welding |67-69 | |products:†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | | |Chapter 06: Findings | |6. 0. Findings: †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |71-72 | |Chapter 07: Recommendations | |7. . Recommendations:†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |74-75 | |Chapter 08: Conclusion | |8. 0. Conclusion†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |77 | |Bibliography Appendix | Part – 1 Chapter 1 Profile of the Organization 1. 0. Organization Profile and Overview 1. 1. History of Linde Bangladesh Limited Linde Bangladesh Limited (formerly known as BOC Bangladesh) is both an old and relatively a new company. Old because it has been present in what it is now in Bangladesh, in one form or the other, since the days of British India. New because it was registered under its own identity only in 1973. The Company began, after the independence of Bangladesh, with a modest turnover of over Tk. 6 million. The turnover in 1999 exceeded Taka 1 billion. Linde Bangladesh Limited started out as Bangladesh Oxygen Limited with 3 small Oxygen plants and Dissolved Acetylene plants, one of each in Dhaka, Chittagong and Khu1na. In addition, it had an operating contract to run the Oxygen plants of Chittagong Steel Mills (CSM), which is no more there today. For the manufacture of Welding Electrodes the Company had three extruders and new one would commence operation from 2012. From inception, the Company had remained the sole supplier of Medical Oxygen in the Country. In the mid 70s a Nitrous Oxide plant, still the only one in Bangladesh, was imported and installed in Dhaka to provide the nation with this vital anesthetic gas. Later in the decade a Carbon Dioxide plant was bought and installed in Dhaka and this was the first in the Country to produce dry ice. In the early 80s the first liquid gas plant was imported from New Zealand and again installed in Dhaka, where the demand for Oxygen was concentrated. Shortly after that came the first boom in ship cutting and demand for Oxygen went through the roof. The Company invested immediately in additional compressing capacity for the surplus Oxygen at CSM while simultaneously pursuing the Government to permit it to invest in new production capacity. Eventually the Company was permitted to import 400 cubic meters per hour air separation plant from Australia, capable of producing Liquid Oxygen, Nitrogen and, for the first time in Bangladesh, Argon. This was installed in Chittagong, essentially to feed the ship breaking market on the beach. In the early 90s booster was added to this to increase output, pending investment in further capacity. Meanwhile, the welding business of the Company was also growing fast and in the early 80s a state of the art RAM extruder was added to the production line, dramatically improving output and quality of electrodes. The Company, in another innovative move, invested in a wire drawing machine for the electrode factory. A second RAM was added in the late 80s to keep up with demand. The Company went public in 1973 when the Government renounced its right shares in favor of the public. Today, Linde Bangladesh is one of the premier companies in the Country. Bangladesh Oxygen Limited changed its name to BOC Bangladesh Limited in March 1995 in line with a worldwide program of the BOC Group. The 90s witnessed another change in the fortunes of the Company with deregulation and liberalization of the economy. A site was specially purchased at Rupganj, near Dhaka, where the Company installed 30 tons per day air separation plant, the largest in the country. The US made plant produces Oxygen, Nitrogen and Argon and is technologically, as advanced as any in the world. It came on stream in 1995. At the same time, the Company also invested in a modern integrated welding electrode plant, made by the largest welding electrode manufacturers in the world, which was imported and installed at the new site in Rupganj. A technical collaboration arrangement was also made with the suppliers ESABAB of Sweden and the plant went into production in 1995. Welding business received ISO 9002 certification in the following year. A distribution agreement has been signed with world class Welding Company, The Lincoln Company of USA. In March 1998 a second line of production was added to the integrated Welding Electrode Factory at Rupganj, doubling the capacity. Same year, in November 1998 a new site with a 20 TPD liquid plant was acquired in Shitalpur, Chittagong. 1. 1. 1. Merger Acquisition with Linde AG The Linde Group has a history of over 130 years built on a heritage of innovation with a strong focus on technology. The company’s founder, Carl von Linde, invented refrigeration technology and pioneered a process of air separation. Today, the company is a global market leader in gases and engineering providing technology solutions for a wide range of industrial and other applications. In March 2006, Linde AG made an offer for The BOC group. It was recommended by the BOC Board and accepted by shareholders in August. This was ratified by the European Commission in June, and was completed on September, 5th 2006. Following the acquisition the Linde group is one of the world’s leading industrial gases and engineering groups. Finally on 20 November, 2011 the BOC Bangladesh rebranded as Linde Bangladesh Limited. 1. 1. 2 Common History Linde and BOC unite to become The Linde Group. Both companies have more than 100 year of history and strong track records as innovators. In 1879, Gesellschaft fur Lindes Eismaschinen AG in Wiesbaden was founded in Germany. In 1880 Arthur and Leon Brin take out the first of their patents on a process for separating oxygen (barium oxide process). Linde British Refrigeration Co, in London in 1885,that was Lindes first non-German company. In 1886, Brins Oxygen Company Ltd was founded. In 1895, patent to Carl von Linde for the process of liquefying atmospheric air or other gases was granting. Patent for air separation and the construction of the first air separator allowing oxygen purity of up to 97 percent, which was held in 1906. Linde and Brins Oxygen Co. agree to use Lindes patents in 1906. However Linde becomes shareholder in Brins. Carl von Linde joins the board; Brins changes name to The British Oxygen Company Ltd. Linde Air Products Co. was founded in 1907 in USA. In 1914, BOC started operating high purity gas plants in six major British cities. Lind took over of Guldner-Motoren-Gesellschaft (Diesel engines and tractors) in 1929. BOC bought controlling stake in African Oxygen (South Africa) in 1935 to become the leading gas company in Africa, which was known AFROX. In 1946, BOC opened research facility in New Jersey (USA). BOL Limited (Foundation of Linde-BOC joint venture) was founded in 1954 to coordinate the technical design and sales of air separation plants. In 1959 Linde began volume production of hydraulic units and forklifts. The discovery of oil and gas under North Sea triggers in 1965, created a strong demand for large vessels, storage tanks and pipelines, boosting BOC sales. Linde-BOC joint venture in refrigeration solutions was founded in 1969. BOC doubled its size upon completing the acquisition of Airco in the USA in 1978. Linde constructed it s largest gas production plant at Leuna, Germany in 1990. In 1991, Linde expanded its gas business in Eastern Europe with the purchase of leading Czech Gas Company, Techno Lyn. The distribution unit of BOC went to a partnership with Marks Spencer in their 25th anniversary in 1994. Linde, BOC and partners joined hands in 2000 to construct world’s largest nitrogen plant to pump heavy crude oil under high pressure in the Cantarell Oil fields, Mexico an innovative joint project involving Linde, BOC and partners. European Commission approved Linde takeover of Swedish Gas Company AGA/Statoil places order with Linde for Europes largest LNG plant (operational from 2007). In 2002 US engineering joint venture Linde-BOC-Process Plants LLC, Tulsa, Ohio was founded. In 2004, Linde celebrates its 125th anniversary; Sale of Linde refrigeration business to Carrier Corporation. In 2005, Linde celebrated International Hydrogen Day. In 2006 Linde and BOC joined forces to become The Linde Group. 1. 2. About Linde Bangladesh Limited Linde Bangladesh Limited (the â€Å"company†) is a listed limited company by shares and was incorporated in Bangladesh in 1973 under the Companies Act 1913. The company became a listed entity in 1976. The company is listed both on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). The address of the registered office is 285 Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh. It has been a direct subsidiary of the BOC Group PLC of United Kingdom since inception. The entire share capital of the BOC Group PLC has been taken over by Linde AG of Germany in 2006 through an acquisition process. The group as a whole had embarked on a program called HPO (High Performance Organization). Though launched at a time of this crisis, like safety it would be an on- going program standing on its four pillars: Customer focus, People excellence, Process excellence and the Ability to execute. The HPO initiative is a long term and strategic initiative aimed at improving the level of performance of our people and business, to increase our performance in all respects. Given the world economic crisis this initiative is expected to help the group meet the challenges ahead in unified and strong manner. 1. 2. 1. Vision Objective Vision An organization vision statement indicates its future direction and business makeup, a guiding concept for what the organization is trying to do and to become. Corporate vision of Linde Bangladesh is stated below: Corporate Objectives Corporate Image:To be seen as progressive company of high reputation and integrity, it provides good value for its products and services. To be seen by Government the public customers and suppliers and the employees as acting in a socially responsible manner and consistent with national aspiration and objectives. Development:To pursue a policy of progressive of industrial and medical gases, welding equipment’s and consumables wherever economics of production justify local manufacture. To maximize local value addition by progressive import substitution of inputs. To install educate production facilities in advance of the demand so as to insure continuing ability to meet the growing national need for our products. To develop new markets and application of products and process and to set up facilities to serve them. Technology:To develop proficiency and competence in welding, cryogenics gas production technology and to promote new applications for gas and welding products, wherever these are relevant to the needs of local industry. To be regard as the foremost and most knowledgeable institution in the country in this field. Marketing:To maintain the position of principle domestic manufacturer and supplier of industrial and medical gases, electrodes and welding and health care equipment by offering reliable suppliers of goods quality products at fair prices. Safety:To provide an accident free environment for employees by promoting and encouraging and implementation safe working practices throughout the company. To develop and foster increased customer awareness of safe product handling practices and procedures. Personal:To provide a productive and satisfying work environment for employees, offering opportunities and development and advancement in career. Profitability:To earn an adequate return on stockholder’s equity and to generate sufficient surplus for growth and expansion. 1. 2. 2. Market Position Linde Bangladesh Limited has a good position in Bangladesh. All three sectors of products have good market shares. Linde Bangladesh Limited is in the first position for selling Gas and Welding products. The healthcare sector has to go a long way to grab a superior market position in Bangladesh. Linde Bangladesh Limited is technologically in a better condition than the other sister concerns in South Asia. 1. 2. 3. Safety Matters Safety remained a number one priority as it is with the whole â€Å"The Linde Group†. Without being complacent one can add that has been an improvement in safety performance in most areas. With the launching of site safety program at Shitalpur all the major sides have now been covered. The incident reporting system had been greatly improved through implementation of an online web based system called synergy hosted in the Linde global server. Safety related activities continued with regular meetings of the safety and sharing of lessons learned from global group incidents SHEQ related issues. Meetings related to behavioral safety called SDG (Safety Dialogue) are held in small groups in every location of the company’s activities on the first working day of each month. 1. 2. 4. Internal Control The control and risks elements related to the company were under constant review. Several audits were carried out including engineering audits. Addressing of the recommendation is an ongoing process with the help of the Business Management Council members. Audit committee meeting took place as per its charter. During the year all the company’s location were connected to SAP at the corporate office. This provides on-line real time information, specially related to sales, inventory and accounts. This facility would be an effective tool for ensuring control and data integrity, besides providing timely management information. 1. 2. 5. Financial Results The company’s turnover improved by 10% at BDT 2,742,816,718 over the previous year’s turnover of BDT 2,498,583 this was driven mainly by volumetric growth of industrial Oxygen, MS Electrodes, Liquid CO2, Medical gases etc. substantial loss of earnings from LPG, Fire Suppression and Welding Training School had to be absorbed. Profitability in the year reached a new peak. While turnover growth was 10% profit from operation grew by 44%. This was as a result of favorable raw material costs, better recovery of fixed costs with volume increase of the key manufactured products and overall control on costs. 1. 2. 6. Locations The registered office of Linde Bangladesh is located at 285 Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka-1208. It has three factories in Bangladesh. The factories Positioned at Tejgaon, Rupganj, and Shitalpur. There are 19 sales center of Linde Bangladesh Limited. The sales centers are- |Location |Address | |01. Tegaon |285 Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka | |02. Postagola |Faridabad, Postagola, Dhaka | |03. Tipu Sultan Road |57-58, Tipu Sultan Road, Sutrapur, Dhaka | |04. Tongi |241, Tongi Industrial Area, Gazipur | |05. Narayangonj |72, Sirajuddowla Road, Narayangonj | |06. Mymensingh |28, Ka K C Roy Road, Mymensingh | |07. Noakhali |Contractor Masjid, (Maijdee Road), Alipur, Begumganj, Noakhali | |08. Khulna |Rupsha Strand Road, Labonchora, Khulna | |09. Barisal |Holding No. 7641, Alekanda, Kotwali, Barisal | |10. Rajshahi |Talimari, Kazla, Rajshahi | |11. Shitalpur |Shitalpur, Sitakunda, Chittagong | |12. Sagorika |68/V Sagorika Road, Pahartali, P. O. Customs House, Chittagong | |13. Comilla |Poduabazar, Chaurasta, Comilla | |14. Sylhet |Mominkhola, Sylhet | |15. Jessore |Central Road, Ghoope, Jessore | |16. Bogra |Charmatha, Rangpur Road, Bogra | |17. Rangpur |Central Bus Terminal, R. K. Road, Rangpur | |19. Faridpur |West Goalchamot, Jessore, Faridpur | [pic] (Source: Internal information of Linde Bangladesh Limited) 1. 2. 7. Organizational Structure Linde Bangladesh Limited is separated into two units. One is Business Function Unit and another is Enabling Function Unit. Business function unit consists of five departments and Enabling function unit consists of seven departments. Unit |Departments | | |Sales Marketing | | | | |Business Function Unit | | | |Operations | | |Customer Service Center(CSC) | | |Cylinder Asset Management(CAM) | | |Distribution | | |Finance | | | | |Enabling Function Unit | | | |Human Resource(HR) | | |Procurement | | |Information Service(IS) | | |Safety Health Environment Quality | Table-1. : Organizational Departments of BOC Bangladesh Ltd 1. 2. 8. Range of Products and Service Line Bangladesh Limited delivers value-added solutions based on the supply of gases, equipment, consumables and services for: †¢ Manufacturing †¢ Hea lthcare †¢ Advanced technology and research industries. The products provided by Linde Bangladesh Ltd are Gases, Welding and Healthcare Gases Products and Services ? Compressed oxygen ? Refrigerant gases (Freon Suva) ? Hydrogen ? Gas welding and cutting equipment ? Fire suppression system ? Compressed helium ? Liquid helium ? Sulphurhexafluoride ? Sulphurdioxide ? Special gases gas mixtures ? Liquid oxygen ? Compressed nitrogen ? Liquid nitrogen Dissolved acetylene ? Carbon dioxide ? Gas welding rod flux ? Dry ice ? Argon ? Lamp gases ? LPG Gases are one of core products of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. A significant contribution to the total business comes from ASU gases and Dissolved Acetylene. Food grade liquid CO2 is another potential gas that has become very popular within the Hospitality/beverage segment. Welding Products and Services Welding products namely ms electrodes is the major bread earner for Linde Bangladesh. It contributes around 50+% of the company’s total r evenue. Competition is stiff in this segment, not only from local manufactures, but also in the form of imported electrodes. Linde Bangladesh’s main advantage in this business segment is its wide distribution network that allows it to send its products to all concerns of the market as well as its good will, which is very important, considering that all other brands sell at a significantly lower price. ? Mild steel cast iron electrodes ? Low hydrogen/low alloy electrodes ? Stainless steel electrodes ? Arc welding equipment accessories ? Plasma cutting equipment accessories ? Welding services training ? Welding equipment repairs ? Mig welding equipment accessories ? Tig welding equipment accessories Healthcare Products and Services The Medical Product Division of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. provides Medical gases and Equipment also promoting liquid medical Oxygen and many other health care products. Linde Bangladesh still known today as the organization that produces and sells life saving medical oxygen. Linde Bangladesh is also the local agents of some of the world’s leading medical equipment manufacturers such as ChoongWae, Tyco, DatexOhmeda, Nellcor Puritan Bennett etc. Linde Bangladesh’s medical product line includes but is not limited to the following: ? Medical oxygen ? Nitrous oxide ? Entonox ? Sterilizing gases ? Medical gases cylinder ? Anaesthesia machines ? Anaesthesia ventilators ? Other medical equipment on request ? ICU/CCU ventilators ? Pulse oximeter ? Infant warmer ? Photo therapy units ? Infant incubators ? OT table ? Autoclave /sterilizer ? Gynaecological tables ? Humidifier ? Oxygen concentratorResuscitators ? Central sterilizing and supply department (CSSD) Part-2 Chapter 2 Introduction to the Study 2. 0. Introduction to the Study 2. 1. Rationale of the Study: As a business graduate we gain plenty of theoretical knowledge. That is why we look forward to utilize our knowledge in the relevant field and now it’s the time to use this theoretical knowledge practically. But it’s true that it is likely to have some difference in theory and practice. Although by using the theoretical knowledge we are able to understand the pre-practical field, which help us to cope up the situation. Distribution is an important component of marketing; however Linde Bangladesh’s main advantage in welding business is its wide distribution network that allows it to send its products to all concerns of the market as well as its good will. Therefore being an intern of the marketing department of Linde Bangladesh Ltd; I decided to work with the distribution channel of the welding business of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. As a marketing major student this study gave me the opportunity to enrich the theoretical and practical knowledge having acquaintances with the practice. Additionally, this experience will further strengthen my marketing skills as well . Which ultimately will help a lot in my career in the forthcoming days. However this study can contribute a lot to the faculty of business administration and the university as a whole because to get the practical experience to develop the future career following students will be very encouraged to take such project. 2. 2. Statements of the Problems ? Optimization of distribution vehicles keeping safety at the top. ? Selecting the slow moving items to make it more available or demandable to the customer by improving market penetration. 2. 3. Scope and Delimitation of the study: I got the opportunities to see the internal work environment as well as got acquainted with their services, strategies that they follows, which was really helpful for me. Initially they provided me the details information about the distr

Free Essays on Politics

The argument that I chose to analyze is one of Cynthia McKinney and her thoughts on the terrorist attacks on September 11th and America’s â€Å"War on Terrorism†. Cynthia deals with a few different arguments in one passage. I do not know if it is possible to say that her argument is both good and bad but I think some aspects of her argument are good and some very bad. My assessment will show you why I feel this way. In her argument she accuses the President and his administration of knowing about the attacks, but keeping quite about the attacks for reasons of personal financial gain. Cynthia also contends that others knew about the attacks such as our elected officials and the media and need to be held accountable. She also states that the â€Å"War on Terrorism,† is a gateway of rights violations that target different races by committing racial profiling. In Cynthia’s first claim, that the President had personal financial gain her conclusion statement is: Persons close to the Administration (Bush’s) are poised to make huge profits off America’s new War. McKinney supports this conclusion with four premises. Premise number one: Former Bush sits on the board of the Carlyle group (Established in 1987, The Carlyle Group is a private global investment firm that originates, structures and acts as lead equity investor in management-led buyouts, strategic minority equity investments, equity private placements, consolidations and buildups, and growth capital financings). Premise number two: The Los Angeles Times reports that on a single day, Carlyle earned $237 million selling shares in United Defense industries, the Army’s fifth largest contractor. Premise number three: The stock offering was well timed; Carlyle officials say they decided to take the company public only after September 11th. Premise number four : The stock sale cashed in on increased congressional support for hefty defense spending, including one of United ... Free Essays on Politics Free Essays on Politics The argument that I chose to analyze is one of Cynthia McKinney and her thoughts on the terrorist attacks on September 11th and America’s â€Å"War on Terrorism†. Cynthia deals with a few different arguments in one passage. I do not know if it is possible to say that her argument is both good and bad but I think some aspects of her argument are good and some very bad. My assessment will show you why I feel this way. In her argument she accuses the President and his administration of knowing about the attacks, but keeping quite about the attacks for reasons of personal financial gain. Cynthia also contends that others knew about the attacks such as our elected officials and the media and need to be held accountable. She also states that the â€Å"War on Terrorism,† is a gateway of rights violations that target different races by committing racial profiling. In Cynthia’s first claim, that the President had personal financial gain her conclusion statement is: Persons close to the Administration (Bush’s) are poised to make huge profits off America’s new War. McKinney supports this conclusion with four premises. Premise number one: Former Bush sits on the board of the Carlyle group (Established in 1987, The Carlyle Group is a private global investment firm that originates, structures and acts as lead equity investor in management-led buyouts, strategic minority equity investments, equity private placements, consolidations and buildups, and growth capital financings). Premise number two: The Los Angeles Times reports that on a single day, Carlyle earned $237 million selling shares in United Defense industries, the Army’s fifth largest contractor. Premise number three: The stock offering was well timed; Carlyle officials say they decided to take the company public only after September 11th. Premise number four : The stock sale cashed in on increased congressional support for hefty defense spending, including one of United ...

Demand and Price Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Demand and Price - Essay Example The other consumers of corn have to resort to other alternatives that are relatively cheaper in the market. Biofuels are a product from corn and oilseeds; thus, the producers of biofuels have to substitute the input of the two raw materials for the optimization of profits. Thus, the producer faces the choices to incur a higher cost of production, reduce the output or increase the consumption of oilseed for production. The crop farmer benefits from higher returns and responds by increasing the production of corn (Dalton, 2009). The vertical axis shows the input of oilseed while the horizontal shows the corn input. The aim of the producing company is to maximize profit (Dalton, 2009). The point R we have the isocost line meeting with the isoquant. This combination of corn and oilseed will yield the company maximum output minimizing on cost which is the objective of the company. An increase in the demand of biofuels will mean that the company has to move to a higher output level. This w ill need an increase in the inputs, which are corn and oil seed. How developments in agricultural and conversion technology might influence the impacts identified in above The developments in agriculture aimed at production of more corn will lead to increase the supply of corn in the market. The increase in supply is likely to cause a decrease in the price of corn. However, with the advancing technologies of conversion coming into operation a wider range of materials will be usable for production of bio fuels (Bhamra et al., 2010). This will further, ease the burden of bio fuels production on corn. The price of corn would establish a new equilibrium with the demand that now will be. DI indicates the demand of corn. Pe and Qe show the equilibrium price and quantity. The production of biofuel using corn as a raw material causes an increase in the demand of corn, thus the demand curve shift shown by the arrows (Dalton, 2009). Consider the result below. The demand for more biofuels stim ulates a higher demand for corn (Gupta & Ayhan, 2010). The demand curve shifts to D2 and a new equilibrium at the point J. The effects of increased competition between participants in the market on the impacts identified above. The competition will result to a higher demand of corn. The crop farmers will expand production in order to feed the new market. This will mean changes in the farming practices and patterns. These changes necessitate farmers to use irrigation. The use of irrigation will cause a strain on water resources available. There will be a need to expand to potion of land used in corn cultivation yet limited space provides a challenge. The crop farmers will start cultivating of marginal lands, which are highly erodible (Gupta & Ayhan, 2010). The farmers will intensify the use of chemical inputs to increase crop yield. This will negatively affect the soil. This is because the increased use of fertilizers will lead to contamination of runoff and nutrient leaching. Howeve r, the level of damage will depend on management practices employed by farmers. Increase the level of cultivation may lead to high levels of erosion. This will further, affect the quality of water in the region. These damages will be presenting the problems of environment sustainability (Gupta & Ayhan, 2010). Cultivation of marginal lands and expansion of land under crop production is a threat to wildlife resources. The cultivation leads to destruction and clearing of vegetation,

E-Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

E-Business - Assignment Example Moreover, we have developed a Blog on the same lines with the website. The report presents the development process of the Cafe Cuisine website, accompanying Blog, the models employed for designing the website and the business strategy utilized for the website. Analysis In the analysis phase of the website development process, we have analyzed the requirements of the website and differentiate these requirements into the functional and non-functional requirements. We analyzed on how the website would help to achieve the organizational objectives by assessing already developed food / restaurant websites. One of the important items is to identify the targeted audiences of the website along with the development of the web contents. Moreover, in the analysis phase of the web development process, we have analysed the software development tools required to develop the website. After thorough assessment the following non-functional requirements of the website have been identified which we hav e accommodated in the developed website (Vandeuren, 2012): The food website should be conformed the guidelines provided by the World Wide Web (W3) Consortium. The website should be developed and comply with the Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) version 5.0 Compatibility of the website must be ensured with all the major web browsers include: Firefox, Google Chrome, Netscape, Internet Explorer, and Opera. The web pages of the restaurant website can be viewed fully at 125 % zooming in all the major web browsers. The web pages of the restaurant website should be displayed properly on a computer having resolution set to 640 x 480 pixels. It is required that the restaurant website should be developed incorporating appropriate search engine optimization (SEO). From the typical non-functional requirements, we have concentrated on the security, regularity, data integrity, maintainability, availability, reliability, manageability, and the performance for the restaurant website. One of the cri tical non-functional requirements of the website is usability, the customers / users should be able to use the website with ease. Moreover, it is required that the dashboard design of the proposed website should be simple, easy to use and understand. The targeted audience of the website are the people used to have restaurant’s food regularly or frequently. The age of these people lies between 16 - 45 years. The audience can be professional as well as a novice web user who understands email and how to use a web browser. Moreover, the targeted audience is the people who can access the internet every day and any time. There are several tools and website development languages which are required for the development of a prototype (website). These include but are not limited to the XML, HTML, XHTML, Dreamweaver, JavaScript, CSS and Flash. In order to develop the food website, we have used Hypertext Mark up Language (HTML) version 5, Adobe Dreamweaver, JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheet (CSS). The Adobe Dreamweaver has been used to develop the user interface of the website and industry standard for designing the website. It also provides ‘What You See is What You Get’ (WYSIWYG) interface which is easy to use. Moreover, developing and editing the HTML5 as well as the cascading style sheet (CSS) is much easier by using Adobe Dreamweaver. We have used the JavaScript to validate the inputs provided by the users of

The Controversy of Homosexuality Essay Example for Free

The Controversy of Homosexuality Essay I. â€Å"I now pronounce you husband and husband†, when many people hear this statement whether in real life or in movies, it brings about many different opinions and reactions. Same sex marriage is still a controversial issue, and it’s questionable in many societies, in fact it is acceptable in very few communities in the world. People who oppose gay marriage are actually opposing unethical behavior that goes against many beliefs and different religions.  Although some might think it is a person’s right to love and marry whoever he/she wants, gay marriages should be prohibited in all parts of the world for it goes against most religions, nature, ethics and humanity II. God created Adam; he created for him a wife, not a husband. God’s intentions were clear, and that meant that marriage and family would always be between man and woman. Many religious people, whether holy men or regular people who hold their beliefs close, argue that gay marriage should not be allowed to happen and that it destroys the sanctity of this bond between two people. III. Gay marriages are mostly considered to be unethical marriages that are not based on any moral grounds and therefore are frowned upon. Many believe that the idea of a gay marriage is utterly outrageous because it involves the bond between two people of the same sex which some might find disturbing or repulsive. IV. the children of gay marriages are always being denied either a father or mother. People who oppose gay marriages believe that the children of such gay couples deserve better, actually, they deserve more; all children deserve to have a mother and a father. V.  Some claim that same sex marriages should not be frowned upon and should eventually become a normal part of everyday life. They believe that homosexuality is not an abnormality; however is just another form of relationships. Just like women are attracted to men and men are attracted to women, men can be attracted to men and women can also be attracted to women. It is just as normal as any other phenomenon and might even make more sense than heterosexuality sometimes. However, how right can this point of view be? Same sex marriages are not only unethical, but also are against many eligions, defy the political and moral standards and are not beneficial for the future of our societies. In addition, homosexuality is a new phenomenon that is bringing about uprisings in many different societies. Also, marriages have always been based on the bonds of holy matrimony between a man and a woman and nothing more. VI. The world should not change its natural laws, its religions and its morality due to a group of people who claim it is only natural for them to be with the same sex. Abstract Media and celebrities has been increasing demand for gay marriage to be allowed like Angelina Julie and Brad Pitte.  Whereas gay marriage should be banned, since it is against most religions, nature, ethics, and humanity. â€Å"I now pronounce you husband and husband†, when many people hear this statement whether in real life or in movies, it brings about many different opinions and reactions. Same sex marriage is still a controversial issue, and it’s questionable in many societies, in fact it is acceptable in very few communities in the world. People who oppose gay marriage are actually opposing unethical behavior that goes against many beliefs and different religions. Although some might think it is a person’s right to love and marry whoever he/she wants, gay marriages should be prohibited in all parts of the world for it goes against religion, nature, ethics and humanity. When God created Adam, he created for him a wife, not a husband. God’s intentions were clear, and that meant that marriage and family would always be between man and woman. Many religious people, whether holy men or regular people who hold their beliefs close, argue that gay marriage should not be allowed to happen and that it destroys the sanctity of this bond between two people. Holy books have discussed this topic since the beginning of time by stating that God created man and woman to be fertile and to reproduce. Therefore, whoever believes in a God should oppose same sex relationships, as they are an offence to God. Edwards claimed â€Å"in Australia the religious right has advanced a number of arguments to isolate legally sanctioned heterosexual relationships in an inviolate conceptual and social space. † And then in the year 2004 the Australian government banned same-sex marriage. Thus, the simple act of being a homosexual and having same sex relations is considered a sin because it goes against what God intended, and therefore should be punished. Not only is homosexuality against religion, it is also unnatural. Moreover, heterosexual marriages are a natural and normal bond that agrees with nature and is considered good. However, nature depicts gay marriages as bad. Many people believe that marriage is a moral and social right that was instituted by God in nature. â€Å"Nature does not include same-sex relationships in its design and no biological imperative therefore exists for sex between women or between men. (Van Grend, 2007). In addition, marriage is not just any relationship between human beings. It is rooted in nature and therefore is governed by natural law. These natural laws are universal and immutable and generally apply to the whole human race, equally. The National Marriage Coalition in Edwards released a statement in 2007 announcing that to them marriage was the commitment between a male and a female; it is an expression of love and a beautiful sacred bond. It is not only unnatural to have homosexual relations; it also negatively affects the way children involved view the world. Furthermore, the children of gay marriages are always being denied either a father or mother. People who oppose gay marriages believe that the children of such gay couples deserve better, actually, they deserve more; all children deserve to have a mother and a father. The absence of parents with different sexes can affect a child’s view on the world, and their emotional stability. In many cases the presence of two gay dads can affect a little boy’s behavior or conduct in the world since the dads can’t provide what a mother can. This in itself removes the balance in the child’s life. Children adopted by or brought into gay families may not be aware of the life outside the family in their early years, but when they do start to understand, they may have a lot to face and a lot to adjust to. They tend to grow up with certain ideas about the world, taught by their foster parents, which may not be at all realistic or acceptable. Also, these children might eventually be bullied in school for having two dads or two moms. Being bullied is a major crisis in a child’s life and might therefore impact their ducation or social states. Moreover, children who grow up with parents of the same sex might inherit their personality traits and characteristics and might therefore think that being gay is what is meant for them to be. They might think that being gay is what is socially acceptable and therefore adopt these habits. Also, children need the compassion of a mother to be able to handle the difficulties in l ife. Yet, a father figure is also needed to make the children strong and have the right amount of security and protection in order for them to grow up properly. Thus, a marriage should provide both communal and assertive figures for the children. Heterosexual and homosexual marriages differ in gender-linked effects because of socialization pressures for women to be communal and men to be assertive. There is evidence that women are more expressive than men, develop more positive models, and are better integrated into social support systems then men are. Hence there is never a solidity and balance in a homosexual household since gay men see themselves as more communal and lesbians see themselves as more argentic and assertive. Lesbians and gays are not considered to be family members but only individuals. Such an issue as same-sex marriage isn’t only religious; it is also political. In many countries where politics and religion are tied together, a candidate can lose voters if they admit that he or she actually supports gay marriage. People with strong religious and ethical beliefs will protect themselves and their families from anyone they believe to be a bad influence, whether it’s actually someone who is gay, or just someone who supports the idea of gay marriage. These people’s beliefs are not subject to change, since normally they are active members of churches, and the community, and possibly traditionalists. In the 2012 presidential elections in the U. S, Mitt Romney announced that he was against same-sex marriage, as most Americans are. He believes that it isn’t a matter of tolerance, but about the â€Å"purpose of the institution of marriage†. And that won him many votes, mostly from the more conservative people. As many Americans believe, he also believes that marriage is between man and woman, and the sharing of domestic responsibilities falls on both sexes, which is the purpose of marriage. Gay marriages are mostly considered to be unethical marriages that are not based on any moral grounds and therefore are frowned upon. Many believe that the idea of a gay marriage is utterly outrageous because it involves the bond between two people of the same sex which some might find disturbing or repulsive. In contrast to heterosexual marriages which are considered a bedrock institution, homosexual couples in specific don’t really enjoy the support of their families and therefore may not benefit from any stabilizing influence such support gives. They are considered to be immoral and absurd for having gone out of the ordinary and irrationally choosing the same sex partner as a lawfully wedded man or wife. Families of such gay members might view the marriage as an end of the family name or a huge disgrace to the family name. A gay person’s own family might not accept the fact that he/she turned gay and might start questioning the reasons behind it bringing about many other questions. However, some might argue that every person is free to choose their own life partner because the heart wants what the heart wants. Some claim that same sex marriages should not be frowned upon and should eventually become a normal part of everyday life. They believe that homosexuality is not an abnormality, however is just another form of relationships. Just like women are attracted to men and men are attracted to women, men can be attracted to men and women can also be attracted to women. It is just as normal as any other phenomenon and might even make more sense than heterosexuality sometimes. People who support homosexuality state that lesbians and fays are more diverse, variable, resilient, and thriving than heterosexuals. Moreover, they sometimes make better fathers or mothers and better partners. In addition, supporters of gay rights believe that the children involved in same sex marriages are actually being saved from foster homes and given an education and a family rather than remaining among the millions of homeless or loveless parentless children. They believe that these children actually benefit more because they are being raised by such parenthood since the parents bring in new ideas and different views on life so that the children can learn never to be biased or restricted in thought and beliefs. However, how right can this point of view be? Same sex marriages are not only unethical, but also are against many religions, defy the political and moral standards and are not beneficial for the future of our societies. In addition, homosexuality is a new phenomenon that is bringing about uprisings in many different societies. Also, marriages have always been based on the bonds of holy matrimony between a man and a woman and nothing more. Therefore, homosexuality can’t just come and change that entity. A marriage cannot simply change its definition because of what’s happening in the world. The people should adapt to the world as it is, not the other way around. The world should not change its natural laws, its religions and its morality due to a group of people who claim it is only natural for them to be with the same sex. In conclusion, there will always be a controversy between the two different points of view about same sex marriages, but the truth is life has always been a certain set of rules and regulations and should not, could not, and will not change for the purpose of homosexuality. Same sex marriages should be prohibited because they do not belong to any religious concept, moral ground or ethical conduct. Heterosexuality has always been what’s right and should remain the same way throughout all of history.

Hopeful Hell: The Search for Hope in a Post-Apocalyptic World Essay

Death and destruction are the epitome of a doomed world. Everything is destroyed and murders march the streets at night. Hell on earth is a gentle description. Cormac McCarthy's speculation of the end of the world, however, ensures that evil is not victorious. The biblical allusions Cormac McCarthy addresses in The Road illuminate a sense of hope in a bleak, empty world. Despite a grim first impression, the repetitive imagery of ash represents hope according to symbolism found in the Bible. Ash becomes a natural setting, described throughout the whole book, with a seemingly melancholy mood. McCarthy introduces ash within the first pages: â€Å"Everything paling away into the murk. The soft ash blowing in loose swirls over the blacktop† (McCarthy 4). Normally, the connotations of ash create a dark gloomy atmosphere. McCarthy's intentional diction in this passage, however, create an opposing mood. The phrases â€Å"soft ash† and â€Å"loose swirls† create a relaxed image, allowing the ash to be interpreted in a hopeful manner. This hopefulness is enforced by the symbolism of ash in the Bible. After Adam and Eve committed the first sin, God warns them of his power, â€Å"For dust you are and to dust you will return† (Genesis 3:19). First of all, this verse exemplifies the great power of God. He created the complex human bod y out of mere dust. In relation to The Road, the ash represents the presence of a great power. This brings hope to the father and the son, knowing that the ability to create something out of the ash exists. Similarly, the concept of fire found throughout the novel, although serving as a representation of destruction, sheds light on the underlying theme of hope. We are led to believe, through various descriptions, that the world w... ...† describes the world as a puzzle to be solved. The answer is not easily deciphered, but rather is a learning experience. Secondly, the â€Å"thing which could not be put back† is the customs of the old world. The images of the old world and their meanings fade away, as the world fades away itself (Schaub). These things cannot â€Å"be made right again†. The meaning of the world is not gone. It just changed (Kunsa). The world is left with a â€Å"hum of mystery†, a place full of possibility and potential. This last paragraph brings hope to the future, and promises for a better world. Through many biblical allusions, the father and the son experience the affects of hope. Despite the destroyed world, they come together to survive the post apocalyptic world. The â€Å"good guys† bring hope for the future and for the defeat of evil. Promise and prospect will guide the new, hopeful world.

Hofstede Canada vs Japan Essay

Individualism vs Collectivism In essence this dimension deals with the relationship between the individual and the collectives in a given society. It is reflected in the way in which people live together. For example, nuclear families, extended families, tribes and other larger communities. It directly effects peoples values and behaviours. In some cultures individualism is sometime to be sought after but in others it is seen as alienation. Canada Canada has a score of 80 in this dimension which is its highest score by a considerable margin of 28. Their society expects people to look after themselves and their immediate family. These values in are line with my own Irish values but we generally go one further and include extended family members in this bracket such as cousins, aunts and uncles by blood or marriage. Likewise in a business environment employees are expected to take initiative and be self-reliant without constant supervision. Where hiring and promotion decisions are concerned assessments are based on the individual’s accolades and capabilities. It is important to note that Canadian employees will be expected to be able to work on individual tasks as well as group projects. The vast majority of Canadians as well as other capitalist English speaking countries such as Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States have individualism ranked first. Financial most of all but most successes are a measure of personal achievement. Canadians are generally confident and open to discuss general topics however their private affairs are only up for discussion with their closest friends and family members. The predominately French speaking province of Quebec holds different views than the rest of Canada. This leads to tension between and their English speaking countrymen. Quebecers tend to be more private and reserved. Ethnocentrism is prevalent in Canada but particularly in Quebec. Japan Japan has a score of 46 on the Hofstede’s individualism dimension. Japan has many qualities of a collective society and indeed in popularly stereotyped as one, when in fact it scores in the middle. It prioritised harmonies relations over an individual’s need to express themselves and has a great sense of shame for losing face. This being said it is not as collective as its Chinese and Korean neighbours as they do not maintain extended families to the same extent. Japan has a paternalistic society where assets are inherited from father to eldest son while the remaining siblings are left to their own devices, making their own living with their core families. A more recent study by Woodring[1] found that Japanese students are scored higher on individualism and lower on power distance than Hofstede’s original sample. This was due to their age, according to Woodring. The findings suggest that Japanese college students value individualism and equality more than the rest of their society. Hofsede’s longitudinal study showed that national wealth and individualism are related. Japan has the world’s third largest economy[2], so it is no surprise that Japanese society is changing in this way. In fact a recent Japanese term shin jin rui literally meaning â€Å"new human beings† has developed to describe 25 year olds and younger by their elders. They are thought to be â€Å"selfish, self-centred and disrespectful of elders and traditions†[3]. Japanese society could be regarded as paradoxical as it is both individualist and collective depending on the given situation. For example Japanese employees are famous for their company loyalty but loyalty is something they choose for themselves which is a individualistic characteristic. Japanese society is collective by Canadian and indeed Irish standards but individualist by the rest of Asia’s standards. Individualism vs Collectivism impact on Decisions Making This mostly effects the motivations of a decision. Individualist societies are motivated by personal success and make their decisions according. They constantly trying to climb the corporate ladder and achieve a higher standard of living for themselves and their immediate family. Meanwhile in collective societies they prioritise their decisions for good of the group above their own personal goals. In a business context collective societies will work better in groups with people they have a personal relationship with. While individualist societies can work well as individuals and in groups with people they do not know. This allows for quicker decision making but not knowing a colleague on a personal level may lead to less active participation. Collective mentality takes more time but more options are analysed in more depth which in some circumstances is more effective but less time efficient. Uncertainty avoidance Uncertainty avoidance indicates how threatened a society will be by ambiguous contexts and the degree to which it will attempt to avoid these situations by not tolerating deviant ideas or behaviours, and a belief in absolute truths[4]. This ambiguity leads to anxiety. Different cultures manage this anxiety in different manners. A High Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. This creates a rule-oriented society that implements laws, rules, regulations, and controls in order avoid uncertainty. A Low Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country is less worried about doubt and is more comfortable taking into account a wide variety of views and opinions. This is mirrored in a society that is less strictly regulated, accepts change quicker, and takes more and greater risks. Japan Japan, with a score of 92, is one of the most uncertainty avoiding places on earth. This is thought to be due to Japans ever present threat of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons and volcanic eruptions. May 2011s tsunami is a testament to this with a death toll of just under sixteen thousand. The Japanese have learned to prepare themselves all aspects of life and not just emergencies. From start to finish Japanese life is extremely organised by Canadian standards, with many tradition ceremonies such as opening and closing events for schools. These are performed in very much the same manner throughout Japan. Detailed etiquette books are available outlining proper behavioural practises and dress for important events such as weddings and funerals. In the Japanese business world, vast amounts of time are invested into feasibility studies. All risk factors must be precisely analysed before any project gets the go ahead. Managers will insist on and indeed expect detailed facts and figures before committing to any decision. This need to precedent and approved practises makes introducing change difficult. Canada With a score of 48 Canada is considerable more â€Å"uncertainty accepting† than Japan. They readily accept new ideas, innovative products and have an enthusiasm to try new or different things whether its new technology, products or business practices. They are accepting of ideas and opinions from people on any level of a business which allows freedom of expression and upward and downward communication. Canadian culture is not rule orientated as Japan is but they tend to be less emotional expressive than cultures scoring higher on the dimension. Canada uncertainty avoidance is fragmented somewhat. The British Columbia providence is viewed as the â€Å"Western Frontier† while Quebecers are much more reserved and reluctant to change. Traditionally British Columbia’s economy was based on exploiting natural resources such as mining, lumber and fishing. Due to a change in the global economy in the 1990s it shifted to a more entrepreneurial, innovative intense economy. Innovation is the product of entrepreneurship which is directly linked to lower uncertainty avoidance[5]. In May of 2002, the University of British Columbia studied entrepreneurial activity in B.C. and compared it to other Canadian provinces.[6] Their research showed that the province of B.C. is ready for greater entrepreneurial activity but that over-regulation may be stunting entrepreneurial activity in the province. During the late 1990s the number of new business starts in B.C. was higher than the Canadian national average. Thus, it shows lower uncertainty avoidance in B.C. Uncertainty avoidance impact on decision making This directly impacts decision making as it relates to risk taking and preparation in every form. A high scoring uncertainty avoidance country such as Japan actively makes decisions to constantly avoid risk. Decisions are only made after lengthy considerations with all plausible possibilities careful considered before action is taken. It was be advantage of being better informed but the disadvantage of being time consuming. Whereas in a country with a low uncertainty avoidance score such as Canada decisions are may much quicker with less considers and options accounted for before taking the plunge. This is a high risk, high reward strategy which can work well given the right entrepreneurial skills. Both nations could learn from each other, making reasonable quick decisions with the best information given time constraints. Bibliography https://docs.google.com/a/ucdconnect.ie/viewer?a=v&q=cache:5pvQ7O-6yo0J:www.cjrs-rcsr.org/archives/30-2/McNabb-final.pdf+canadian+uncertainty+avoidance&hl=en&gl=ie&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg1FrvsrtpXzN76VcxyTTQ-41w1fT3mmEF46pj4oZCKrQwWL-1IoYpW2iiR2wH9pu7aIgJORx1xQj8w06gzLj8xnIq7FEoS6QW14Ame4iS5nfDGejToZ70ZJS5KGa6GzRoFBw5H&sig=AHIEtbQ3NA9rLoVL-GovrHnXzRqTiSO5OA&pli=1 http://cos.sagepub.com/content/51/1-2/59.full.pdf+html http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/canada.htm Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations by By Geert H. Hofstede.