Measurement and Instrumentation LVDT sheet Lab Report

Measurement and Instrumentation LVDT sheet - Lab Report Example The device consists of a primary winding (P) and two secondary windings named S1 and S2. Both of them are wound on one cylindrical former, side by side, and they have equal number of turns. Their arrangement is such that they maintain symmetry with either side of the primary winding (P). A movable soft iron core is placed parallel to the axis of the cylindrical former. An arm is connected to the other end of the soft iron core and it moves according to the displacement produced. The LVDT is also used as a secondary transducer in various measurement systems. A primary transducer is used to convert the measurand into a displacement (Scholey et al.,1995). The LVDT is then used to measure that displacement. Examples are: The graph above shows the plot between the resulting voltage or voltage difference and displacement. The graph clearly shows that a linear function is obtained between the output voltage and core movement from the null position within a limited range of 4 millimeter. The results showed that there is linear relationship between displacement and voltage and this relationship continues till the maximum displacement of 40 mm, after that output voltage was decreased drastically towards negative side. The results revealed that there is very strong repeatability in LVTD as show in fig. (2). There is almost no difference in output voltage when the experiment was replicated second time. These results are supported by the findings of other researchers who reported the similar results. (Tariq et al., 2002 ; Wu et al., 2008 and Drumea et al., 2006). It is evident from the data that the instrument has high sensitivity, resolution and repeatability. Maintains a linear relationship between the voltage difference output and displacement from each position of the core for a displacement of up to 40 millimeter. Scholey, G. K., Frost, J. D., Lo Presti, D. C. F., & Jamiolkowski, M. (1995). A review of instrumentation

The Pre-Socratic Tradition and Socratic Philosophy Essay Example for Free

The Pre-Socratic Tradition and Socratic Philosophy Essay Socrates was one of the most relevant figures in philosophy. His influence in this field of discipline was so extensive that every philosopher who came after him followed in his footsteps. Though the history of philosophy considers Socrates as a central figure, there were lesser known but equally important philosophers who came before him. These individuals are known as Pre-Socratic philosophers. Now the philosophy before the time of Socrates and the philosophy that Socrates influenced shared similarities and differences. This essay seeks to discuss what makes these philosophies alike and what sets them apart. What was the pre-Socratic tradition all about? What was its subject matter? To properly describe the pre-Socratic tradition, there are several themes to consider. First, this tradition deviates from mythology and religion (Soccio 62). During the Greek civilization, the knowledge of the people was founded on either mythology or religion. The answers to their inquiries were provided for them by the stories of gods and goddesses. Pre-Socratic tradition relies on neither mythology nor religion. Second, its main preoccupations are nature and the world (Soccio 63-64). The thinkers before the time of Socrates were not satisfied with what was already established about how nature was or how the world worked. Instead, they posed their own questions on the workings of nature and the universe. Third, the pre-Socratic tradition used reason in their explanations behind the ways of nature and the world (Soccio 64). Prior to the emergence of these thinkers, the only explanations available were those which were mythological or religious in nature. As was earlier stated, the pre-Socratic tradition deviated from mythology and religion. This deviation is due to the preference for rational investigation. The pre-Socratic thinkers attempted to verify their views with reason (Soccio 64). These three themes define what the pre-Socratic tradition was about. There were many thinkers who were part of the pre-Socratic tradition. Three of these thinkers were Thales, Heraclitus and Anaxagoras (Soccio 64). All three pre-Socratics were preoccupied with discovering the ways of the world with the use of reason rather than mythology and religion. Thales was the first significant pre-Socratic thinker in history. He upheld the belief that water was the element behind all things. For Thales, every single thing in the world was created with water. He simplified the complex workings of the world into a single substance—water (Soccio 65). The conclusion that Thales had arrived at was not based on religious speculation or mythological presumptions. Instead, he created a rational explanation for what he observed in nature (Soccio 65). Just like Thales, Heraclitus also inquired about the world and the element which kept it together. If Thales believed it was water, Heraclitus thought it was â€Å"Logos† (Soccio 67). â€Å"Logos† is not actually an element per se; it was more of a principle. The word â€Å"Logos† itself has several meanings, but Heraclitus affirmed that it is the law which maintains everything and is contained in everything (Soccio 68). The Heraclitean â€Å"Logos† is the one responsible for the world order (Soccio 68). Lastly, Anaxagoras continues the tradition of the two aforementioned thinkers by proceeding with the inquiry about the cosmos. If Heraclitus believed that it was ‘Logos† which dictated the order of the world, for Anaxagoras it was â€Å"Nous† (Soccio 73). â€Å"Nous† is not an element, principle or process. It is defined as the Mind which sets the pattern of the universe. This â€Å"Nous† influences the things of the world without being contained in them (Soccio 73). The pre-Socratic tradition is different from Socratic philosophy. It is through the differences between the two in which Socratic philosophy can be defined. The pre-Socratics were interested on cosmology—the causes behind the workings of the world (Soccio 63). They investigated on nature and the world. Meanwhile, Socratic philosophy is not limited to cosmology. Socrates himself did not write anything, and his teachings were only reflected through the works of other thinkers (King 23). One of those thinkers, and the most influential Socratic philosopher, was Plato. Socratic philosophy is interested in a wide range of philosophical disciplines, which include epistemology, ethics and metaphysics (King 24). The metaphysical influence of Socrates is evident in Plato’s theory of Forms (Kraut). Another difference between the pre-Socratic tradition and Socratic philosophy is approach. Pre-Socratic thinkers did not have a specific approach to philosophy. Initially, they were more concerned with subject matter rather than method (Soccio 63). On the contrary, Socrates is recognized for his approach or method. It was Socrates who started the process of cross-examination or elenchus; this is popularly known as the Socratic Method (King 23). This process does not impart knowledge; it includes a system of questions which soon reveal what a person really knows. Plato followed this method, as most of his works were dialogues which feature Socrates (King 24). Just like Socrates, Plato believes that knowledge is not acquired, but simply recollected (King 24). The pre-Socratic thinkers and the Socratics also share similarities. For instance, how do these people count as philosophers? The answer is the same for both. They are philosophers because they were dedicated to seek the answers for questions about nature, the world or life in general. A philosopher is not distinguished for his wisdom; rather, he is defined by his love for it (Soccio 63). A philosopher is a thinker who seeks out the truth; he devotes his energy in investigations and observations which would bring him closer to the truth. Pre-Socratic thinkers, Socrates and the other Socratics are similar in this account, as they all love wisdom and inquire about the truth. Another similarity between the pre-Socratic thinkers and the Socratics is rational discourse. All these thinkers support their arguments with reason. Rational discourse necessitates the use of reason in establishing views on reality so that it could be properly verified (Soccio 65). It is a fact that Socrates had a monumental influence on philosophy. However, that does not mean that pre-Socratics have a lesser role in the development of philosophy. The role of Socrates in the history of philosophy is just as important as the thinkers that came before him. Between the pre-Socratic tradition and the Socratic approach, there are more differences than similarities. Regardless, both of these have made remarkable contributions to philosophy in general.

Use of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to Evaluate Post Tra

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) frequently headlines newspapers and newscasts across America. Veterans fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan return to a life they left but inside they are tormented with flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, anger, and depression. Many people suffer from PTSD after experiencing traumatic events in his or her life. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) is chosen for the basis of this assignment to evaluate someone who exhibits symptoms of PTSD. Sometimes the symptoms of PTSD are exaggerated or faked. The basic characteristics and the purpose of this tool will be discussed as well as how the tool is used. An analysis of the MMPI-2 will reveal the relationship between MMPI-2 and a major theory of personality. After identifying the psychometric properties for PTSD populations, the question of the adequacy of MMPI-2 will be answered by reviewing literature. Last ethical considerations will be analyzed. Selection of instrument, characteristics, uses and purposes PTSD is a type of anxiety disorder resulting from experiencing a traumatic event in life. The person will relive or re-experience the event through flashbacks, nightmares and fear-evoking memories. Some report being hyperaware or constantly aroused, expecting the event to happen again. Soldiers comment on falling to the ground at a loud bang, constantly surveying the area around them, having an exaggerated startle response. Many do not talk about his or her experience; have sleep problems, anger issues, and trouble concentrating. Abuse of alcohol and drugs is common to try to deal with the anguish inside (PTSD Support Services, 2010). The MMPI-2 consists of 567 true and false questions taking 60 to 90 minutes to complete. A shor... ...ive for posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury. Psychological Assessment, 23(1), 203-214. doi:10.1037/a0021339 Garcia, H. A., Kelley, L. P., Rentz, T. O., & Lee, S. (2011). Pretreatment predictors of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Psychological Services, 8(1), 1-11. doi:10.1037/a0022705 Efendov, A. A., Sellbom, M., & Bagby, R. (2008). The utility and comparative incremental validity of the MMPI-2 and Trauma symptom Inventory validity scales in the detection of feigned PTSD. Psychological Assessment, 20(4), 317-326. doi:10.1037/a0013870 Tolin, D. F., Steenkamp, M. M., Marx, B. P., & Litz, B. T. (2010). Detecting symptom exaggeration in combat veterans using the MMPI–2 symptom validity scales: A mixed group validation. Psychological Assessment, 22(4), 729-736. doi:10.1037/a0020973

Technology in Transportation Essay -- Computers Machines Papers

Technology in Transportation Throughout history, getting things (and people) where they need to go has been a pretty basic need. The Romans needed to move stone to build their aqueducts; the nobles wanted luxury spices and silks brought to them from far off lands; ancient cities needed to move vegetables and grains from the farms, to storage, and then to the cities to feed the populace. Transportation has always been one of the backbones of every great civilization, without the ability to move goods long distances, your 'culture' was only the distance you could go conveniently to get what was necessary for survival that you could not produce. The industry boomed during the railroading system and hasn't slowed since. First, there were ships and horse-drawn carriages, then cars, now huge 40 ton trucks and jumbo air-liners. In today's changing business environment, information technology plays an incredibly important role in almost every aspect of the day to day life of almost every industry. The transportation industry is, of course, no different. From the transport of goods from manufacture, to warehousing, to retail, to end-user, the industry relies on information technology to get things done. The transportation of people is the exact same; incredibly important to get done yet impossible without the impact of information technology. Technology in Moving People The transportation industry (airline, railway, bus transit, automobile rental agencies) has undergone enormous changes in the way its customers purchase tickets and place reservations. The continuing popularity in e-commerce combined with the widespread increase in the number of people with internet access has caused an explosion in the number of... ...t an amazing 10% per quarter. An example trend that is quickly developing in the freight cargo industry is the leasing of freight aircrafts to different airlines. The aircraft, crew, insurance and maintenance is included in the leasing. Works Cited http://www.aaafoundation.org. revised 15 March 2004. American Automobile Association. accessed 15 March 2004. http://www.airbus.com. revised 2004. Airbus Corporation. accessed 13 March 2004. http://www.e-travel.com. revised 2004. Amadaeus Global Travel Distribution. accessed 14 March 2004. http://www.msn.com. revised 2004. Microsoft Corporation. accessed 15 March 2004. http://www.redprairie.com/Knowledge/whitepapers.asp#WMCSchapt. revised 2004. Superior Logistix Results, Inc. accessed 16 March 2004. http://www.trucker.com revised 2004. Primedia Business Magazines and Media. Accessed 14 March 2004

My Worst Nightmare

As the rain hit me like a thousand knifes, I checked my disreputable, scruffy watch for the time. I had a few more minutes until I had to be at the diminutive, quiet corner shop across from the busy train station to meet Emmy before school. The rain was starting to come down heavier so I took out my incomplete tartan umbrella and covered my reddish-brown hair. Black clouds filled the sky like poisonous fumes in the clear blue sky. I could barely see the deserted phone box ahead of me because of the intense muggy fog. I started to feel worried and nervous as I hated Emmy shouting at me every time I was late. I heard a car pull up by the side of the abandoned street a few metres ahead of me. From what I could see, the old car was blue and inside it were two men. As I innocently hurried past the tatty vehicle one of the men bellowed†¦ â€Å"Scuze me, got the time darlin'?† â€Å"Sorry, I'm in a rush, can't stop.† I replied â€Å"Jump in, I'll drive you. Where you off to?† I thought about it for a few seconds then took up the offer. â€Å"Well just around the corner then, cheers.† â€Å"Hop in then, what ya waiting for?† I didn't feel scared, although I knew it was wrong. I was fine; I just concentrated on getting to the shops in time. Time passed slowly and the traffic was diabolical. â€Å"Look guys, thanks a lot but if you don't mind I'll get out here and walk, the traffics gonna take forever† â€Å"No, we'll get you there don't worry.† I unlatched my rough seat belt and attempted to open the chipped, jammed door but it just wouldn't budge. I started to panic; the two men who seemed to be nice gentlemen had now turned into my worst nightmare. Sweat poured down my delicate face like a swiftly dripping tap. â€Å"You're staying put young lady, until I say so† said the driver sternly. I was terrified, where were they taking me? I slowly pulled out my red, run down phone and started to dial in ‘999'. I trembled with fear as I keyed in the three simple digits. â€Å"What you got there hey?† I quickly slid the phone behind my stiff back as I hesitated to answer the fully-grown, evil looking man. â€Å"Nothing, I swear, nothing† † You liar, give that to me you little brat!† I started to cry, I felt scared, I wish I'd taken the sensible way out and walked to meet Emmy. We passed the bakery; I could smell the succulent sweet, freshly cooked bread, which reminded me of home. Tears ran down my cheeks like the rain on the car window They pulled up outside a desolate warehouse, fear ripped through me like a cat tearing at a cushion. I looked around to see if I recognized where I was but I could just about focus on the horse riding stables and I knew that I was close to a local bus station. They dragged me into the warehouse like a sack of rotten potatoes. The warehouse smelt of vermin and vomit. It was dark and bloodcurdling. The walls were painted dark, repulsive green and they were covered in dirt and stains. There were only two chairs in the tiny warehouse, except for a few empty cans of beer lying around the floor. Rats scattered the cold floor for the slightest bit of food. The air was misty and smelt of damp clothes. The men tied me up to a loose, rusty radiator and started to search my pockets, they pulled out a florescent green lighter. The small man laughed in my face and dashed the lighter across the floor. I felt my heart skip a beat. The tallest man slapped me across the face, I screamed with pain and trepidation. â€Å"AAAhhhhhhhhh!† I began to aggressively cry again, the small hideous man kicked me and slammed an empty Fosters can in my eye. It hurt like hell. How long would I be here? Thos questions ran back and forth through my head like a swing. As the men headed towards the door, the tall obese man called out â€Å"there's no way of escaping!† They both sneered with joy together as they left me alone in the empty warehouse. I lent back against the freezing, brittle radiator. Tears streamed down my face. ‘How could I be so stupid?' I thought of my mum, I wanted to be with her, for her to cuddle me like I was a little kid again. â€Å"Help, can anybody here me?† I gave up, nobody could here me, and so I sat there and waited, and waited. I suddenly heard a knocking at the door. â€Å"Hello?† I was desperate to here a reply. â€Å"Help me please, I can't get up, I'm tied up† Surprising there was a voice, a friendly voice. â€Å"Just give me a minute, I'm doing all I can to get in† My heart was beating faster than the speed of light. This could be my chance to get out, to escape and be free of these daunting men. The person on the other side of the door was shaking the door and from what I could here it sounded like they were hitting the door with an axe. After 20 minutes the door finally gave way, and when it opened, standing in the doorway was a tall figure. He ran over and started to untie the ropes around my arms and legs. I stood up and stared at the man, he looked so kind and gentle. I gave him the biggest hug and insisted we got out of there as quickly as possible. The man, Mathew, drove me home. In the car it was silent, I was still in great shock and he didn't know what to say to make me feel better. When we got to my road, I thanked him and got out of the car. He watched me walk to my door to make sure I got there ok. I rang the bell, and after a few seconds my mum answered the door. It was such a relief to see her; I gave her a massive hug as tears streamed down my face. She looked at me in confusion as we went into the house. We both sat down on the leather sofa, as I began to tell her the story of my worst nightmare.

Free Essays on What Do You Say After You Say Hello

â€Å"What do you say after you say hello†, by Eric Berne,M.D. What do you say after you say hello? This question is asked all over the world by different people and the reason it can’t be answered is the basic psychological garbage we all have inside our heads. Our mothers, fathers, grandmothers, grandfathers, and anyone else who has a predetermine thought about how people should live their lives. Berne says that people have an illusion on how we react to each other. Such as if you meet a person and we talk to them as what we call â€Å"normal† voice and looking them straight in the eyes and then find out he/she is dying we get up set because we feel that we did not give them the respect that was need like in a low voice with our heads down and not looking them in the eyes. We forget that they are living now in the present and not in the past or in their heads. We have a predetermined attitude towards that person. Berne’s theory is that we have had to learn these notions about people from our family and the ancestral attitu des. Berne also writes about the different types of scripts that people have such as; the winners, losers, non winners, sex scripts, and the clock time and goal time. The most typical scripts that most people are; little pink riding hood or the waif, Sisyphus or they you go again, little miss miffit or you cant scare me, old soldiers never die or who needs me, the dragon slayer or daddy knows best, Sigmund or if you cant do it one way try another, Florence or see it through, and tragic. Dr Berne’s conclusion was that the harder the script that the person has is the easies to talk to a stranger. Oedipus, who got away with the one liners to women and men as well as the robber who says shut- up. Though most people go through six different situations to talk to someone and they are; 1st a structured setting, 2nd a social setting, 3rd an unstructured setting, 4th where one word is needed to talk to someone like at a... Free Essays on What Do You Say After You Say Hello Free Essays on What Do You Say After You Say Hello â€Å"What do you say after you say hello†, by Eric Berne,M.D. What do you say after you say hello? This question is asked all over the world by different people and the reason it can’t be answered is the basic psychological garbage we all have inside our heads. Our mothers, fathers, grandmothers, grandfathers, and anyone else who has a predetermine thought about how people should live their lives. Berne says that people have an illusion on how we react to each other. Such as if you meet a person and we talk to them as what we call â€Å"normal† voice and looking them straight in the eyes and then find out he/she is dying we get up set because we feel that we did not give them the respect that was need like in a low voice with our heads down and not looking them in the eyes. We forget that they are living now in the present and not in the past or in their heads. We have a predetermined attitude towards that person. Berne’s theory is that we have had to learn these notions about people from our family and the ancestral attitu des. Berne also writes about the different types of scripts that people have such as; the winners, losers, non winners, sex scripts, and the clock time and goal time. The most typical scripts that most people are; little pink riding hood or the waif, Sisyphus or they you go again, little miss miffit or you cant scare me, old soldiers never die or who needs me, the dragon slayer or daddy knows best, Sigmund or if you cant do it one way try another, Florence or see it through, and tragic. Dr Berne’s conclusion was that the harder the script that the person has is the easies to talk to a stranger. Oedipus, who got away with the one liners to women and men as well as the robber who says shut- up. Though most people go through six different situations to talk to someone and they are; 1st a structured setting, 2nd a social setting, 3rd an unstructured setting, 4th where one word is needed to talk to someone like at a...

Helicopter Investigation Essays

Helicopter Investigation Essays Helicopter Investigation Essay Helicopter Investigation Essay Aim: To investigate the factors that effect the time for a card helicopter to reach terminal velocity. Theory/Key Factors: When a helicopter wants to take off it starts its blades moving, and the blades push air under themselves until it they have enough air under them to take off. This is related to a sycamore seed, which is what I am basing my helicopters shape on. Terminal velocity is when air resistance is equal to the force of gravity acting on the helicopter. Therefore, the acceleration is zero and the helicopter falls at a constant speed. When my helicopter starts to spin it means that it has reached terminal velocity. The bigger the air resistance is on the helicopter is, the larger the surface area is, and consequently it will take longer to fall. The speed at which the helicopter falls at also depends on the conditions that I drop it in. To get round the problem of it being an unfair test if we dropped it outside, because of the wind speed, I have decided to drop the helicopter inside. The shape and size of the wings could affect the speed because some of the wing shapes might be more aerodynamic, in which case it would fall at a faster rate. In addition to this, the length of the handle of the helicopter might influence the rate at which it falls. Prediction I predict that the number of paperclips attached to the helicopter should not affect how great the terminal velocity is, or how long it takes to reach terminal velocity. This is because, as Galileos theory shows, objects of the same shape fall at the same rate in air, on earth (9.81 msec-2), regardless of mass, because there is no difference in the amount of air resistance. Hence, the helicopter should reach terminal velocity at the same time, regardless of its mass, as there is virtually no change in its shape. If it reaches terminal velocity at the same instance each time the experiment is conducted, then the terminal velocity will always be the same. This is because, if it is to follow the law V= u+at, the greater the product of at (acceleration and time) the greater the velocity (in this case terminal velocity). Since u is always 0 in our experiment, this does not influence the relationship between the time taken to reach terminal and terminal velocity, and the above reasoning st ill holds. However I predict that our experiment will support the law V= u + at, but will not support Galileos theory due to human error in measuring the accurate time of when the helicopter starts to spin and when it hits the floor. Diagram Method 1. By using my T-Shaped helicopter that I picked from my preliminary experiment, I will add one paperclip to it and then drop it from a height of five metres. * I will record the time from when I drop it until it hits the floor, in addition to this I will note down the time when it starts spinning (terminal velocity). 2. I will repeat the test three times with one paperclip, then I will put two paperclips on and do the test three times, and finally I will place three paperclips on and repeat the test three times. I do this because it means that I get more accurate results. Safe/Fair Testing To make it a fair test I will: * Use the same helicopter each time so that the wingspan and weight are the same throughout. * Drop the helicopter from the same height (five metres). * Drop the helicopter from the inside so that there is no interference from the wind. * Try to make sure that the paperclips are about the same size and that they are roughly the same weight. To make it a safe experiment I will take the following precautions: * I will look before I drop the helicopter, so that it doesnt hit anybody. * I will be careful when using the scissors to cut out my helicopter. * I will follow the laboratory rules to avoid any accidents. Preliminary Experiment By doing this experiment I hope to find which helicopter I could use in my main investigation, by investigating wingspan. Secondly, I hope to find a suitable range of paperclips with in which to conduct my experiment. I will use the same T-shaped helicopter in this experiment, as I will in the actual test, to make my experiment fair. I will drop my helicopter from a height of five metres (same in actual experiment) and repeat it three times so that I get more accurate results. Results: Wing surface area (cm2) Average time to reach terminal velocity (S) 1 paperclip 4 paperclips 7 paperclips 10 0.83 1.09 1.42 20 0.64 0.74 1.29 30 0.49 0.67 1.21 40 0.57 0.72 1.18 50 0.56 0.79 1.26 Preliminary Conclusion From my preliminary experiment I can see that overall the best helicopter wingspan for my experiment is thirty cm2 and the best range of paperclips to have on the helicopter is between one paperclip and four paperclips. I chose these two factors because when using one or four paperclips the helicopter reached terminal velocity the quickest, the and when I used a wingspan of thirty cm2 it reached terminal velocity fastest. Results Number of paperclips Time when dropped (s) Time when helicopter reached terminal velocity (s) Average time when started to spin (s) Time when it hit the floor (s) Average time when it hit the floor (s) Terminal velocity (m/sec, 1 D.P) Average terminal velocity (m/sec, 1 D.P) 1 0 0.53 0.48 2.57 2.49 5.2 4.73 0 0.48 2.48 4.7 0 0.44 2.41 4.3 2 0 0.54 0.56 2.51 2.57 3.3 5.57 0 0.56 2.59 5.5 0 0.59 2.60 5.9 3 0 0.64 0.61 2.81 2.92 6.3 6.0 0 0.55 3.01 5.4 0 0.63 2.94 6.2 * The equation that I used when calculating the terminal velocity of the helicopter (the velocity when it began to spin) was V= u+at. In this experiment: * V was the final velocity, * u was the initial velocity, 0 * a was the acceleration, which was 9.81 msec-2 (2.d.p.), the acceleration of all things under the gravitational pull of earth in air at room temperature. * t was the time taken for the helicopter to begin spinning once it was dropped. Analysis The results of our experiment show that the helicopter reached terminal velocity (on average) earliest when it had 1 paperclip attached to it (0.48 seconds), and it reached terminal velocity latest (on average) when it had 3 paperclips attached to it (0.61 seconds). This is shown in the bar graph between the number of paperclips and the average time taken to reach terminal velocity. The scatter graph between the terminal velocity and the time taken to reach it shows that the greater the time taken to reach terminal velocity, the greater the terminal velocity. This follows the law V= u+at, as the greater the product of at (acceleration and time) the greater the velocity (in this case the terminal velocity). Since u is always 0 in our experiment, this does not influence the relationship between the time taken to reach terminal and terminal velocity. The scatter graph also shows that the larger the weight of the helicopter, the later it reaches terminal velocity and hence the greater the terminal velocity. However, this does not comply with Galileos theory, which follows what I predicted. This is possibly due to human error, although this is not definite, which means that it cannot be ascertained whether this totally supports my prediction. Evaluation The evidence found cant be trusted fully for its scientific merit as there is a large possibility that a substantial amount of human error was involved. The method itself has a lot of faults due to human error. These include, the delay when starting the stopwatch for when the helicopter starts to fall, when it starts spinning and when for when it finally reaches the floor. In addition to this, the height and angle from which the helicopter was dropped from was not constant throughout the investigation, due to the fact that when I was dropping it I had my arm at different angles and at slightly different heights. As you can see from my graph, the experiment I did with two paperclips was the most accurate because the error bars are very close together. The experiment I did with three paperclips was the least precise because the error bars are spread out more. Due to Galileos theory I cant single out the anomalies because Galileo says that there should be only one correct answer, however I cant tell which one it is. To stop this from happening again, I could make my results more accurate by using a stopwatch that went to more decimal places. I could also test a wider range of paperclips so that I would be testing from no paperclips at all, until I reached an amount of paperclips where the helicopter didnt have time to start spinning.