Hopeful Hell: The Search for Hope in a Post-Apocalyptic World Essay

Death and destruction are the epitome of a doomed world. Everything is destroyed and murders march the streets at night. Hell on earth is a gentle description. Cormac McCarthy's speculation of the end of the world, however, ensures that evil is not victorious. The biblical allusions Cormac McCarthy addresses in The Road illuminate a sense of hope in a bleak, empty world. Despite a grim first impression, the repetitive imagery of ash represents hope according to symbolism found in the Bible. Ash becomes a natural setting, described throughout the whole book, with a seemingly melancholy mood. McCarthy introduces ash within the first pages: â€Å"Everything paling away into the murk. The soft ash blowing in loose swirls over the blacktop† (McCarthy 4). Normally, the connotations of ash create a dark gloomy atmosphere. McCarthy's intentional diction in this passage, however, create an opposing mood. The phrases â€Å"soft ash† and â€Å"loose swirls† create a relaxed image, allowing the ash to be interpreted in a hopeful manner. This hopefulness is enforced by the symbolism of ash in the Bible. After Adam and Eve committed the first sin, God warns them of his power, â€Å"For dust you are and to dust you will return† (Genesis 3:19). First of all, this verse exemplifies the great power of God. He created the complex human bod y out of mere dust. In relation to The Road, the ash represents the presence of a great power. This brings hope to the father and the son, knowing that the ability to create something out of the ash exists. Similarly, the concept of fire found throughout the novel, although serving as a representation of destruction, sheds light on the underlying theme of hope. We are led to believe, through various descriptions, that the world w... ...† describes the world as a puzzle to be solved. The answer is not easily deciphered, but rather is a learning experience. Secondly, the â€Å"thing which could not be put back† is the customs of the old world. The images of the old world and their meanings fade away, as the world fades away itself (Schaub). These things cannot â€Å"be made right again†. The meaning of the world is not gone. It just changed (Kunsa). The world is left with a â€Å"hum of mystery†, a place full of possibility and potential. This last paragraph brings hope to the future, and promises for a better world. Through many biblical allusions, the father and the son experience the affects of hope. Despite the destroyed world, they come together to survive the post apocalyptic world. The â€Å"good guys† bring hope for the future and for the defeat of evil. Promise and prospect will guide the new, hopeful world.

Hofstede Canada vs Japan Essay

Individualism vs Collectivism In essence this dimension deals with the relationship between the individual and the collectives in a given society. It is reflected in the way in which people live together. For example, nuclear families, extended families, tribes and other larger communities. It directly effects peoples values and behaviours. In some cultures individualism is sometime to be sought after but in others it is seen as alienation. Canada Canada has a score of 80 in this dimension which is its highest score by a considerable margin of 28. Their society expects people to look after themselves and their immediate family. These values in are line with my own Irish values but we generally go one further and include extended family members in this bracket such as cousins, aunts and uncles by blood or marriage. Likewise in a business environment employees are expected to take initiative and be self-reliant without constant supervision. Where hiring and promotion decisions are concerned assessments are based on the individual’s accolades and capabilities. It is important to note that Canadian employees will be expected to be able to work on individual tasks as well as group projects. The vast majority of Canadians as well as other capitalist English speaking countries such as Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom and the United States have individualism ranked first. Financial most of all but most successes are a measure of personal achievement. Canadians are generally confident and open to discuss general topics however their private affairs are only up for discussion with their closest friends and family members. The predominately French speaking province of Quebec holds different views than the rest of Canada. This leads to tension between and their English speaking countrymen. Quebecers tend to be more private and reserved. Ethnocentrism is prevalent in Canada but particularly in Quebec. Japan Japan has a score of 46 on the Hofstede’s individualism dimension. Japan has many qualities of a collective society and indeed in popularly stereotyped as one, when in fact it scores in the middle. It prioritised harmonies relations over an individual’s need to express themselves and has a great sense of shame for losing face. This being said it is not as collective as its Chinese and Korean neighbours as they do not maintain extended families to the same extent. Japan has a paternalistic society where assets are inherited from father to eldest son while the remaining siblings are left to their own devices, making their own living with their core families. A more recent study by Woodring[1] found that Japanese students are scored higher on individualism and lower on power distance than Hofstede’s original sample. This was due to their age, according to Woodring. The findings suggest that Japanese college students value individualism and equality more than the rest of their society. Hofsede’s longitudinal study showed that national wealth and individualism are related. Japan has the world’s third largest economy[2], so it is no surprise that Japanese society is changing in this way. In fact a recent Japanese term shin jin rui literally meaning â€Å"new human beings† has developed to describe 25 year olds and younger by their elders. They are thought to be â€Å"selfish, self-centred and disrespectful of elders and traditions†[3]. Japanese society could be regarded as paradoxical as it is both individualist and collective depending on the given situation. For example Japanese employees are famous for their company loyalty but loyalty is something they choose for themselves which is a individualistic characteristic. Japanese society is collective by Canadian and indeed Irish standards but individualist by the rest of Asia’s standards. Individualism vs Collectivism impact on Decisions Making This mostly effects the motivations of a decision. Individualist societies are motivated by personal success and make their decisions according. They constantly trying to climb the corporate ladder and achieve a higher standard of living for themselves and their immediate family. Meanwhile in collective societies they prioritise their decisions for good of the group above their own personal goals. In a business context collective societies will work better in groups with people they have a personal relationship with. While individualist societies can work well as individuals and in groups with people they do not know. This allows for quicker decision making but not knowing a colleague on a personal level may lead to less active participation. Collective mentality takes more time but more options are analysed in more depth which in some circumstances is more effective but less time efficient. Uncertainty avoidance Uncertainty avoidance indicates how threatened a society will be by ambiguous contexts and the degree to which it will attempt to avoid these situations by not tolerating deviant ideas or behaviours, and a belief in absolute truths[4]. This ambiguity leads to anxiety. Different cultures manage this anxiety in different manners. A High Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. This creates a rule-oriented society that implements laws, rules, regulations, and controls in order avoid uncertainty. A Low Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country is less worried about doubt and is more comfortable taking into account a wide variety of views and opinions. This is mirrored in a society that is less strictly regulated, accepts change quicker, and takes more and greater risks. Japan Japan, with a score of 92, is one of the most uncertainty avoiding places on earth. This is thought to be due to Japans ever present threat of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons and volcanic eruptions. May 2011s tsunami is a testament to this with a death toll of just under sixteen thousand. The Japanese have learned to prepare themselves all aspects of life and not just emergencies. From start to finish Japanese life is extremely organised by Canadian standards, with many tradition ceremonies such as opening and closing events for schools. These are performed in very much the same manner throughout Japan. Detailed etiquette books are available outlining proper behavioural practises and dress for important events such as weddings and funerals. In the Japanese business world, vast amounts of time are invested into feasibility studies. All risk factors must be precisely analysed before any project gets the go ahead. Managers will insist on and indeed expect detailed facts and figures before committing to any decision. This need to precedent and approved practises makes introducing change difficult. Canada With a score of 48 Canada is considerable more â€Å"uncertainty accepting† than Japan. They readily accept new ideas, innovative products and have an enthusiasm to try new or different things whether its new technology, products or business practices. They are accepting of ideas and opinions from people on any level of a business which allows freedom of expression and upward and downward communication. Canadian culture is not rule orientated as Japan is but they tend to be less emotional expressive than cultures scoring higher on the dimension. Canada uncertainty avoidance is fragmented somewhat. The British Columbia providence is viewed as the â€Å"Western Frontier† while Quebecers are much more reserved and reluctant to change. Traditionally British Columbia’s economy was based on exploiting natural resources such as mining, lumber and fishing. Due to a change in the global economy in the 1990s it shifted to a more entrepreneurial, innovative intense economy. Innovation is the product of entrepreneurship which is directly linked to lower uncertainty avoidance[5]. In May of 2002, the University of British Columbia studied entrepreneurial activity in B.C. and compared it to other Canadian provinces.[6] Their research showed that the province of B.C. is ready for greater entrepreneurial activity but that over-regulation may be stunting entrepreneurial activity in the province. During the late 1990s the number of new business starts in B.C. was higher than the Canadian national average. Thus, it shows lower uncertainty avoidance in B.C. Uncertainty avoidance impact on decision making This directly impacts decision making as it relates to risk taking and preparation in every form. A high scoring uncertainty avoidance country such as Japan actively makes decisions to constantly avoid risk. Decisions are only made after lengthy considerations with all plausible possibilities careful considered before action is taken. It was be advantage of being better informed but the disadvantage of being time consuming. Whereas in a country with a low uncertainty avoidance score such as Canada decisions are may much quicker with less considers and options accounted for before taking the plunge. This is a high risk, high reward strategy which can work well given the right entrepreneurial skills. Both nations could learn from each other, making reasonable quick decisions with the best information given time constraints. Bibliography https://docs.google.com/a/ucdconnect.ie/viewer?a=v&q=cache:5pvQ7O-6yo0J:www.cjrs-rcsr.org/archives/30-2/McNabb-final.pdf+canadian+uncertainty+avoidance&hl=en&gl=ie&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg1FrvsrtpXzN76VcxyTTQ-41w1fT3mmEF46pj4oZCKrQwWL-1IoYpW2iiR2wH9pu7aIgJORx1xQj8w06gzLj8xnIq7FEoS6QW14Ame4iS5nfDGejToZ70ZJS5KGa6GzRoFBw5H&sig=AHIEtbQ3NA9rLoVL-GovrHnXzRqTiSO5OA&pli=1 http://cos.sagepub.com/content/51/1-2/59.full.pdf+html http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/canada.htm Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations by By Geert H. Hofstede.

Burden of Alzheimer’s Disease High and Growing Essay

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal form of dementia, frequently seen in the elderly altering their cognition, thought process and behavior. AD is reported in about half of patients that have a dementia diagnosis; one study states that about 10.3% of the population over 65 years is affected by dementia with an increase to almost 50% over the age of 85. (Beattie, 2002) Alzheimer’s disease is not a normal part of the aging process in humans, but rather found in a group of diseases that affect the brain leading to a decline in mental and physical control. AD when diagnosed has a very slow and gradual course, initially affecting the individual’s short term memory. (Beattie, 2002) Alzheimer’s disease is the 6th leading cause of†¦show more content†¦(Beattie, 2002) An individual’s rate of progress through the stages varies, and symptoms are unique to the person, making it difficult for families to know what to anticipate, but if they are properly educated it may help them be aware of the different course of the disease, potential causes of behaviors, interventions and various treatment that may be used, making the outcome of care be more effective for the family and the patient. (OsbornVaughn, 2010) Early onset consists of mild memory impairment, language problems, personality changes such as withdrawal, and difficulty performing tasks that may require a substantial amount of concentration. (OsbornVaughn Saunders, 2010) Symptoms of moderate Alzheimer’s disease may be more noticeable, interfering with their independence. Forgetting details in stories, difficulties following directions, delusions, wandering and decreased inability to reason are common signs of AD, along with a change in their usual sleep pattern referred to as â€Å"sun downing†. (LaFerlaQuerfurth, 2010) When Alzheimer’s progresses into the later stages of the disease where the neurological damage is found throughout the entire, those affected are unable to recognize familiar faces and may become full time care in long term care facilities related to safety, inability for familiesShow MoreRelated Alzheimer’s Disease Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease is a disease of the future. With the growing aged population, this disease, which affects primarily the elderly, will become of increasing relevance to the medical profession. Also, the high frequency of Alzheimer’s, and the high cost in labor, money, and material of caring for its victims shall put considerable burden on the society as a whole. Here, however, these issues are not going to be debated. Instead the pathology of Alzheimer’s will be reviewedRead MoreThe True Cost Of Alzheimer s Care 21037 Words   |  5 Pages THE TRUE COST OF ALZHEIMER’S CARE 2 Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most devastating diseases affecting approximately 5.3 million people in the U.S. (Alzheimer’s Association, 2015; Caminiti, 2015; Hammer, 2016). It is not exclusively a disease of old age as over 200,000 are diagnosed under the age of 65. Other startling facts are that a majority of afflicted by Alzheimer’s are women and the rates of diagnosisRead MoreThe Impact Of Dementia On The Health Problem With Worldwide Education1236 Words   |  5 Pagesorganisation can encounter this global health problem by themselves. Worldwide dementia numbers will grow significantly over the next forty years and create the necessity for improved dementia education. There is no other disease where numbers are growing as quickly and combined with growing life expectancy, the projected figures will escalate to 131.5 million by 2050, a new case every 3.2 seconds (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2015). Today it is estimated over 46 million people live with dementia andRead MoreEffects Of Dementia On Healthcare Services And Society971 Words   |  4 Pagesdominant discourse that is fixed and move toward a more fluid dominant discourse whereby we will be open minded to possibilities in other to facilitate positive social discourse in the community. Lindsay et. al (2002), explain that dementia is fast growing in elderly population and it has a significant effect on healthcare services and society due to increasing concern of health policy makers and service provider as life expectancy increase particularly as the baby boomer ages (p.445). After assessingRead MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Alzheimer s Disease3618 Words   |  15 PagesDementia is an ever-growing problem for society; with the world population living for longer it is estimated that by 2050 over 115 million people worldwide will suffer from some form of dementia (World Alzheimer’s Report, 2009). Dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease is the condition that stems from Alzheimer’s disease in particular, rather than other conditions such as vascular dementia or fronto-temporal dementia for example. Earl symptoms may include problems generating people’s names orRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Long And Winding Road Essay2124 Words   |  9 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease The Long and Winding Road Introduction Gary B. was a real estate attorney. He gradually found himself starting to have difficulties in doing his work, becoming less organized, and being forgetful. As a result, he was fired from 2 companies within 3 years. Gary was confused with his unusual behaviors until he went to a doctor and was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (UsAgainstAlzheimer s, â€Å"My Story with Alzheimer s†, 2015). Actually, many people with Alzheimer’s share similarRead MoreEffects Of Social Isolation On Health941 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological distress, which lead to depression. According to VicHealth, there is a relationship between depression and developing Alzheimer’s disease. Indeed Wilson et al. (cited in Roberts 2014, p. 25) report that who is lonely, are 2 times more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease. This means that social isolation can double the risk of develop of Alzheimer’s disease and may lead to memory loss and depression. The second issue t hat social isolation affects mental health is anxiety. According toRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Communicable Diseases1012 Words   |  5 Pageschronic diseases and easing away from the traditional acute care model of care. Institutionalized care is giving way to medical care in the community. Invasive procedures are giving way to less invasive pharmaco-medical treatments. Neglected diseases in the least developed countries are finally being attacked in force.But one shift has yet to occur. Middle-income countries, such as Brazil, China and India need to concentrate more, as their prosperity grows, on non-communicable diseases ratherRead MoreHow to Live to Be 1001662 Words   |  7 Pagesof Hispanics were older than 65. The leading causes of death among the elderly are chronic diseases, notably cardiovascular disease and cancer. Other major causes of death include: Chronic respiratory diseases such s emphysema and chronic bronchitis; diseases common among the elderly such as Alzheimers and renal diseases and infectious diseases and injuries. There are continuing disparities in the burden of illness and death experienced by African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans/PacificRead MoreThe Aging Process And Key Diseases Associated With Aging2223 Words   |  9 Pagesprocess and key diseases associated with aging. Examples of aging-associated diseases include cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases (Là ³pez-Otà ­n, Blasco, Partridge, Serrano, Kroemer, 2013, p. 1194). Of these, we will discuss in-depth recent studies that have linked aging with Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. These diseases affect a significant proportion of the population over the age of 65 and place a considerable burden on the American

SWOT Analysis - 1465 Words

According to What is SWOT Anlysis (2011), SWOT analysis is an analysis used to identify the internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) of the company as well as external factors (opportunities and threats) of the company. Strength The supports from the Malaysias government for tourism industry become one of the powerful strength for this industry. According to Hamzah (2008), tourism industry gives second highest contributor after Manufacturing industry. According to Asia-Web.com (2012), Langkawi island is one of the most popular holiday destinations. Again, the supports from Malaysias government will create a greater changes for tourism industry in Langkawi Island (as well as for Meritus Resorts Spa). By offering some recreational†¦show more content†¦The growth of social networking currently dominating the world. By promoting their resorts and put some advertisements (which most of them are free) can be a good opportunity for this resort. This can increase the number of travelers to choose the resort as a destination, while having minimal advertisement cost. Thus, published advertisements like TV and billboard advertisements, newspapers and even magazines advertisements can be minimized since they a re more costly. The third opportunity is to participate by offering their services with a low cost (discounts or coupons) in some website like Milkadeal.com, Groupon.co.my, jackcow.my, etc which become popular nowadays. These websites have large number of users, thus it is easier to get a bunch more attention from many online users by joining in them. Threat Langkawi island is internationally famous as holiday destination. However, there are lots of other resorts besides this Island. Thus, the competitions in the tourism industry is quite high. Not only competitors from Malaysia it self like Redang Island, Tioman Island, etc, but also international destination places like Bali in Indonesia, Phuket in Thailand, etc. This four star resort and spa can use their priority services as their competitive advantages and beat their competitors simultaneously because each resort will have their loyal customers who areShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Swot And Swot Analysis738 Words   |  3 Pagesknown as SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis is business analysis method that business can use for each of its department when deciding on the most perfect way to increase their business and future growth. This procedure identifies the internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are in the markets. SWOT analysis helps you decide your position against your competitors, identifies best future opportunities, and highlight current and future threats. SWOT analysis is an acronymRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot1223 Words   |  5 PagesOnStar – SWOT Analysis To help OnStar determine if home monitoring services should be added to its list of products and services, a SWOT analysis should be completed. A SWOT analysis is a situation analysis or tool used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization (SWOT Analysis Definition | Investopedia, 2005). Thus, it is a basic straightforward model that determines what an organization, like OnStar, can and cannot do, as well as determines its opportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot911 Words   |  4 Pages SWOT Analysis In the article â€Å"SWOT analysis† Harmon (2015) offered a definition for SWOT analysis, the purpose of the SWOT analysis, the advantages of performing a SWOT analysis, and outlined and discussed the four components of the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a planning and brainstorming tool that helps people evaluate an idea or project for a business or formulate a business plan (Harmon, 2015). It should be noted that SWOT analysis is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, OpportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1081 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis: A SWOT analysis (SWOT matrix) first used by Stanford Research Institute during 1960-1970 and it was presented by Mr. Albert S. Humphrey a American business and management consultant by using data from fortune 500 companies. We can succeed in our life if we use our talents to our full extent. Similarly, we‘ll have some problems if we know our weakness are, and if we manage these weaknesses so that we don’t matter in the work we do. To understand more about our self and our externalRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1708 Words   |  7 Pages A SWOT analysis is â€Å"a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture.†(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT analysis, 03/11/14). A swot analysis can also be used to examine a person’s attributes. The strengths and weaknesses usually are internal factors whereas threats and opportunities are mainly external. Advantage Disadvantage Internal Strengths 1. Self-motivated 2. I am organised; accurate and pay attentionRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot2320 Words   |  10 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis, which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selectedRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot852 Words   |  4 PagesStrength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, commonly known as a SWOT analysis is used by businesses. Organizations use the SWOT analysis technique to figure out and understand their areas of strong suits (strengths), their inevitable flaws (weaknesses), prospects that the organization could look into (opportunities) a nd things that pose as intimidations to the organization (threats). There are many obstacles to overcome when it comes to international expansion. Obstacles such as; language andRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1957 Words   |  8 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selected marketsRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe SWOT analysis was originally introduced by Andrews Christiansen, Guth and Learned in 1969 and its basic organizing principles have remained largely unchanged in the field of str ategic management. [BADEN-FULLER, C. H. A. R. L. E. S., STOPFORD, J. (2002). The Firm Matters More than the Industry. Strategy for Business: A Reader, 123.] It is a systematic framework which helps managers to develop their business strategies by appraising their internal and external determinants of their organization’sRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe SWOT analysis, a strategic planning tool was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Albert is said to have come up with this strategic planning tool through the use of data the Fortune 500 companies in the United States of America at that time (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). A SWOT analysis determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are a relevant part of any organization especially the ones that get involved in new ventures. This tool assists the users

Psychological Issues on Professional Sports - 606 Words

Psychology of sports is new field of professional experiencing immense pains (Maher, 47). The article discusses the issues of psychology in professional sport. It highlights on what entails psychological issues in sports, causes of such psychological challenges, remedy and how to deal with such challenges. Real life examples and cases are highlighted to support the topic. Exercise and sports psychology discovers the relation between optimal performance and psychological factors. Psychology of sports is gradually becoming essential aspect of the general care of patient’s psychological rehabilitation and sports medicine. Skills of mental training are an issue of interest in physical medicine practicing and professional rehabilitation in the treatment of patients. Professional in physical medicine should be able to identify what performance psychology or sport psychology signifies within the pattern of psychological mediations (Orlick, 147). Psychologists of sports assist amateur and professional athletes to overcome mental problems improve their performance and attain their desired dreams and goals. Most generally coaches concentrate on the physical sports side, whereas psychologists of sports concentrate of the mind of the athlete. Athletes would seek the assistance of sports psychologists or any other exercise and professional of sports psychology when they get a problem (Maher, 53). There are various reasons that can lead to the mental imbalance of the athlete whichShow MoreRelatedDifferent Disciplines Of Sports And Exercise Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent disciplines are kept in check b y different governing bodies. These governing bodies make sure practitioners are correct in practice and state what they can and cannot do. There are many different disciplines within sport and exercise science and they all have different approaches to improve sporting performance and health. Governing body’s reason for existence is to set out policies and rules within an institution to make sure practitioners are morally ethically and legally correct. GoverningRead MoreEssay on Professional Sports - Injured Athletes and Early Retirement1613 Words   |  7 PagesInjured Athletes and Early Retirement       The rise to become a professional athlete requires passion, dedication and years of preparation. To play a sport at such a high competitive level and intensity the athlete must be in excellent physical and mental health. Athletes of Magic Johnsons and Bo Jacksons caliber had the dedication and determination to be the best. The negative feelings the athlete endures after injury or illness is overwhelming and can lead to early retirement, but ifRead More The pressures between youth and its sports programs Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pages The Pressures Between Youth and Its Sports Programs nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Over the last two decades the growth of youth sports has reflected the popularity of professional sports in our society. Sporting events and news are available to the public twenty-four hours a day on television and radio: sports is an enormous industry. The outstanding popularity of the sports industry has greatly affected youth sports organizations. In order to supervise, teach andRead MoreCause And Effect Of Fantasy Sports On Fans And Professional Sports951 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect of Fantasy Sports on Fans and Professional Sports Fantasy sports are a popular activity in the contemporary world today. More than 32 million people across the world are participating in this activity. In 2009, it was estimated that 27 million people living in North America participated in this popular sporting activity. In this sport, the competition among individual participants is based on an online environment. Further, this activity has grown into a pop-culture (Howie Luke,Read MorePsychology : Psychology And Social Psychology1398 Words   |  6 Pageseasily broken down into two main categories: experimental psychology and social psychology. These two categories of psychology can be broken down further into many subcategories such as the following: clinical psychology, forensic psychology, and sports psychology. Both of these broad categories, nevertheless, share the same end goal, which is to understand the human mind and its functions. Psychology defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is: â€Å"The science of mind and be havior; the mental or behavioralRead MoreEssay about Steroids in Professional Sports976 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Professional Sports Sports is one of the most popular forms of entertainment we have today. Whether it’s football, basketball, soccer, baseball, etc., fans are willing to pay ridiculous amounts of money in order to watch sports. There are few issues in the world of sports. But there is one issue that stands out, steroids. Although steroids may increase strength, stamina and athleticism, they are incredibly harmful to your body and should never be used. Still, some athletes persist inRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Coercive Behavior That Involves1184 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence is a coercive behavior that involves a physical, psychological or sexual attack perpetrated by individuals against their partner or former partner. Examples include physical abuse, for instance, slapping, beating, and strangulation among others. Sexual assault includes threats, forceful sexual acts, and use of physical force. Psychological abuse may involve excessive jealousy, intimidation, harassment or stalki ng among others. In the United States, 20 people are physically abusedRead MoreChildren Need to Play Not Compete Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a contradiction in the mind of teenagers which has been difficult to transcend. The issue of making right decision on the activities they are to embark on and whose counsel to follow has been of high importance to teenagers. Teenagers in the present age find themselves in a tight situation with decision making in that their school psychologists made them realise that being happy is based on the ability to make friends and the development of skills. Meanwhile, teachers and parents advisedRead MoreSelf Disclosure : Qualifications, Credentials, And Experience1582 Words   |  7 Pagesthe same cognitive tools taught to elite, professional and Olympic athletes. I’m currently a doctoral student in Sport and Performance Psychology at the University of Western States in Portland, OR and working on my certification as an applied sport psychology consultant. I have a Master’s degree in Aeronautical Science (MAS) from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, FL and a Bachelor’s degree in Aviation Management with a minor in Sport Coaching from Auburn University in AuburnRead MoreThe Importance of Sport and Exercise Psychology Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesSport and exercise psychology is a mandatory aspect of the sport science discipline. This discipline contributes to the various professional practices associated with physical activities such as - teaching of physical education, recreation and health promotion, and kinesiology related professions - because it plays a mental role for the participants. Sport and exercise psychologists view physical activity in several different ways: physical activity as a tool for health, physical activity as a tool

Surfing- Counter Culture Free Essays

In order to successfully understand the inexplicable surfer’s lifestyle as a counter-culture to main society, we must first have a greater knowledge of the ingredients that make this culture so different in the views of the social norm. A counter-culture as described by Professor Chad Smith in the second week of class is, â€Å"When subcultures specially stand in direct opposition to the dominant culture of the society in which they are located, rejecting it’s most important values and norms and endorsing their opposites. As surfers began to express themselves more and more freely throughout the 1950’s and 1960’s, the surfing sub-culture that was portrayed by the media, with retrospect to Gidget and Beach Part, began to diminish in the eyes of society; as a new breed of antisocial surfers stood in opposition of the culture that was created around them. We will write a custom essay sample on Surfing- Counter Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now With America fighting a World War across seas, the youth of this era were fighting themselves in order to establish a â€Å"distinction† from the normality that society was classifying by, in the Post World War II era. With capitalism increasing and the ideology of the worry free leisure lifestyle that the surfing subculture was radiating, many of the current surfers of this time would have a great influence in this ever so fragile transformation from surfing as a subculture to it’s rejection as a counter-culture. The emergence of the surfing lifestyle to the Southern Californian coastline was indeed a subculture that was not viewed heavily on gangs and deviants but on â€Å"clean-teens† that were having fun.This view along with the involvement of the US in World War II began to change as surfing became more popular, and with the uprising of a new crop of youth surfers. The image of the surfer also began to change as more and more newcomers to the sport felt it could be as an escape from school and ordinary social values. These newcomers â€Å"entered surfing and which they generated the behavior patterns which they displayed conspicuously and which, in so doing, they carried to new extremes†(Irwin 21).Thus meaning that the new breed of surfers to feed into the sub-cultural lifestyle where becoming more radical than the few that were in absence due to the war. In order to better understand why the newcomers to the sport of surfing began to change the values and way of life, we need to understand that these newcomers or â€Å"kooks† were in search of invidiousness and the label of authentic. As in many other cultures in this world, one must prove him or herself in order to be considered acceptable by the masses. Surfing was no different as its intrinsic appeal began to mold newcomers into a search for their very own usurp authenticity. Many newcomers, in their attempt to establish their authenticity, made considerable effort to display immediately what they thought were the scene attributes [.. ] this resulted in the surfing scene to take a radical turn towards the bizarre and deviants† (Irwin 20). Many surfers today have seen this kind of bizarre and deviant attitude in surf movies, and of the community of Windensea, where in 1960 a group of surfers dressed in Nazi uniforms, began to direct traffic in the streets of Windensea and La Jolla, California.This is just one example of what surfers were beginning to do in order to antagonize outsiders, labeling themselves, and further express the surfer’s attitude of alienation toward conventional norms. The surfer’s attitude toward society continued to grow as their image became more and more rejected from beach goers and society as a whole. Feeding off what was being said of them and the classification of them as a counter-culture only continued to make the surfers want to continue to show their abandon of normal society. They would create little gimmicks that would further classify themselves as authentic and a bizarre breed.The â€Å"Brown-eye† became a common sight to be seen around beach cities and surf spots, as surfers would intentionally pull down their trunks and show their backsides to fellow surfers and the onshore crowd. This however spread to the inter cites and by â€Å"1959 1960 in beach towns and the L. A basin, cars passing by with a youth’s bare posterior framed in the side window were a common sight† (Irwin 22). Although their attitude was indeed a huge aspect in labeling the surf community as a counter-culture, it did not stop there. Their personal image changed as they began to dress in a way unconventional to society thus creating a distinction from others. Now at this point of the paper, we need to look at another view of the surf counter-culture in order to examine both sides of its complexity. Kristin Lawler believes that the thriving capitalism that came post WWII had a huge effect on the growth and direction in which the surfing counter-culture took place. â€Å"The counter-culture of the 1960s was welcomed by capitalist, who had already been getting pretty hip and countercultural themselves† (Lawler 6).With the surfing community identified as rebels to surrounding society, capitalism saw a need to supply these groups of radical individualists with products that were suitable to their lifestyle. She states that â€Å"once an oppositional style inevitably gets diffused, counterculture becomes mainstream culture and the rebel consumer is forced continually to buy a new set of products to maintain his or her distinction† (Lawler 6). With this being said, one can assume that the society that was utterly rejecting the surfing counter-cultural lifestyle could in fact be the driving force that helped sustained surfing as a denial towards normal society. While the counter-cultural image of the surfing community was being displayed up and down the coast of California it did not serve as a blockade from the outsiders. Their obscured behavior and mentality attracted many newcomers to the sport that wanted their own taste of what it felt like to be a so called â€Å"rebel† toward conforming society. The threat of localism began to plague surf spots up and down the coastline and is still apparent today. Localism is a best described as a territorial group of surfers that confine themselves to the ideology of the â€Å"first come first serve† basis. Old school surfers were like a street gang asserting dominance over a section of territory. The phenomenon of the â€Å"localism† has been well documented in surfing-orientated publications, as it continues to be an ongoing factor in the surfing world today† (Barilotti 2006). With more and more â€Å"kooks† or newcomers traveling into in water to surf, the old s chool locals became frustrated for they had put in their time and work to â€Å"come up† the ranks of the surfing hierocracy, by showing respect, patience, practice, and deference. These newcomers did not know anything of this nature that was so important to the traditional social context. â€Å"Large numbers of new unknown surfers, of varying skills, were at the breaks, trying to catch the limited amount of surf able waves [†¦] the locals felt that the newcomers were oblivious to the fact they were treading on a valued way of life† (Daskalos 9). The lack of respect of the newcomers toward the old school locals and the importation of landed valves to the water often made a good day of surfing a frustrating and angering endeavor.Becoming a clear and noticeable alteration to the surfing community that their way of life was being diminished by newcomers, they acted upon it with force and violence. â€Å"The old school surfers would make sure that those judged un-worthy would have a frustrating and aggravating surfing experience by taking every wave possible and through ridicule† (Daskalos 2006). At most breaks up and down the coast one could see signs of warning such as â€Å"Locals Only† in attempt to rid of those who did not follow the surfing rule of thumb.Often ending in violence and harassment, localism started to frighten surfers to stay out of the water until found worthy to surf. As we have seen throughout the surfing history, society has labeled those that are different, as radical delinquent individuals whose purpose in life is to spread greater difference among its peers. With society and the media bringing about surf films such as Gidget and Beach Party they were the starting factor that drove the surfing community to alter its very own cultural status from a sub-culture to a counter-culture in the 1960s.The appeal of surfing that was brought to mainstream society by themselves was the same appeal that transformed the surfing culture into a counter-culture through the masses that were inclined to try the radical sport. Without the engaging of the newcomers to the sport, we may had seen a decline in the counter-cultural outlook of the surfer, for the attitudes towards antagonizing the outside society may had never been perceptible. How to cite Surfing- Counter Culture, Papers

Capital Punishment Trends and Issues

Question: Discuss about the Capital Punishment Trends and Issues. Answer: Introduction There was no consistent law on capital punishment in Australia till 2010. But, in 2010, the commonwealth parliament has passed a law on capital punishment. Initially, as per the Commonwealth Death Penalty Abolition Act 1973 (Cth) the capital punishment under the federal law was abolished, however, there was nothing which declared the abolishment of the law in territory or state of Australia. However, with the passing of the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Torture Prohibition and Death Penalty Abolition) Act 2010 a restriction was imposed on the territories and states to introduce any law on death punishment. This makes it clear that the intention of the government of Australia is succinct that they are in no mood to continue or introduce any kind of law that supports death penalty. The Australian government has now come at par with most of other countries (at least 2/3 of the countries) which continue to abolish capital punishment. (S Freeland, 2010) Today, the death penalty is eliminates in all the jurisdictions of Australia. The last death penalty that happened in the country was in 1967 where in Victoria, Ronald Ryan was hanged till death. It is not that there was no pronouncement of capital punishment after 1967, rather, till 185 there were many death sentences that were pronounced by the courts but they were all converted to life imprisonment. In Western Australia, in 1984, Brenda Hodge was pronounced with death penalty but was later commuted to life imprisonment. However, through this paper, an attempt is made to understand the position of Capital Punishment in Australia in all of its territories, states and under federal law. To initiate, it is first important to understand d the position of law in Australian Colonies. Australian Colonies Capital Punishment In 1788, the New South Wales colony was established which brings with it several English penal laws. In 1787, a Letters Patent was issued wherein a criminal court was established to deal with serious crimes. The English law covers numerous crimes to which death penalty was granted. The crimes include not so heinous acts such as cutting down of trees, stealing hares, etc (A Castles, 1982). In 1825, it was submitted that the Governor on an advice of Executive Council was empowered to commute the sentence or grant death penalty. In 19th Century, there were about 80 people who were granted death sentence per year (Potas Walker, 1987). In 1788, the first capital punishment in the Australian colony was granted to Thomas Barret for the offense of stealing food. The year amid 1826-1836 was the era when capital punishment was at its prime. Around 1296 offenders were pronounced with death sentences of which around 363 were even executed. (T Castle, 2008) In 1833, slight change was made in the laws and now death penalty was not provided for petty crimes such as, forgery, cattle stealing, thefts, etc. In 1838 the list was extended and includes crimes such as smuggling, nonviolent burglary, slave trading, etc. Later in 1853, public executions were prohibited and there few four Australian Colonies that supported the same, that is, the New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. In 1901, provisions were made for death penalty but there were significant variations amid the laws of each colony. In Queensland, the Criminal Code Act 1899 was passed which grant death penalty for treason, piracy, attempted piracy with personal violence, murder and willful murder. In Tasmania, there were eight crimes to which capital punishment was provided, such as, Murder, attempts to murder (administering poison or wounding), destroying/damaging a building with gunpowder, setting fire to ship, attempting to administer poison/shooting, attempted murder by any other means, and sodomy. In Victoria, the Crimes Act 1890 which grant capital punishment for nine crimes, such as, murder, attempted murder by poisoning/wounding/setting fire to ships, rape, abusing a girl under the age of 10, buggery, robbery or burglary with wounding, setting fire to a house. In South Australia, only murder and piracy and attempt to murder are the acts for which capital punishment was provided. (Lennan Wi lliams, 2012) Thus, the colonies of Australia have made significant improvements in abolishing death penalty to various crimes leading to a path which lead to the abolishment of the death penalty as a whole. It is now important to understand the scope of law on death penalty in the territories and the states of Australia. Territories and states With the passage of time, each and every territory and state of Australia were attempting to make their own laws on Capital punishment. It is thus now important to individually analyze the law of capital punishment some of the territories and states. Tasmania In 1924, the Criminal Code Act 1924 was enacted which grants capital punishment for two offenses, that is, murder and treason under section 158 and section 56 respectively. Thus, in 1924 there was no complete abolishment of capital punishment and there were two crimes for which the punishment can be inflicted. In 1933, the Labor came to power and it abolished capital punishments for all kinds of crimes with the only exception that in 1946 a death sentence was executed to Launceston, wherein, Launceston strangled and raped a young girl. Then, the Criminal Code Act 1968 was passed, section 2 of the Act submitted that no capita; punishment be inflicted for the crime against laws of the state. (Lennan Williams, 2012) Queensland The death penalty was for the first time abolished in Queensland. It was in 1913 that the last execution took place. In 1922, The Criminal Code Amendment Act 1922 was passed and as per section 2 of the Act, there shall be no capital punishment which is to be recorded or pronounced and there should not be any inflicting of capital punishment. (Lennan Williams, 2012) The Northern Territory The Northern Territory was part of South Australia and must follow its laws. In 1911, it was the commonwealth that was controlling the territory but it continued to comply with Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1876 (SA). In 1939, it was submitted by the commonwealth that there is no complete restriction on the death penalty. In 1968, no death penalty was provided for piracy and attempt to murder and now it is substituted to imprisonment for life, however for murder there is still applicability of capital punishment. Then in 1973, The Criminal Law Consolidation Ordinance 1973 was established, section 5 of the Act, submitted that there can be no death penalty for an offense of murder thereby eliminating the death penalty as a whole. (M Field, 1990) Victoria The Crimes (Capital Offences) Act 1975 (Vic) was passed which amended the Crimes Act 1958 according to which there is no death penalty for the offense of murder or treason, thereby, eliminating the capital punishment in its entirety. Thus, from the above scenario, it can be revealed that these territories and stares were willing to eliminate the capital punishment from its penal laws and have commuted the same with the imprisonment for life. Also, with the passing of the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Torture Prohibition and Death Penalty Abolition) Act 2010, the commonwealth has also put a restriction on the territories and states to introduce any law on death punishment. Current Australian law and loophones With the establishment of 2010 Act, the government of Australia has set its intention clear that they are not willing to introduce any laws to bring back death penalties neither in present or future. However, the Act of 2010 cannot put any prohibition of the commonwealth to bring back the penalty, the prohibition is only for the territories and the states. Thus the federal laws have the capacity to overturn this law. In order to prevent this situation, the only remedy that is available to bring amendment to section 128 of the constitution wherein no jurisdiction was allowed to bring any laws which reintroduces the death penalty in their respective jurisdictions. Also, the 2010 does not lay any laws wherein the Australian government is dealing internationally in the matters of extradition, agency to agency assistance and mutual assistance in criminal proceedings. Thus, there are still loop holes which prevail relating to the abolishment of death penalty as a whole specifically when th e government of Australia is dealing with its international obligations. (Lennan Williams, 2012) Conclusion From the above analysis, it is crystal clear that the intention of the government of Australia is very clear and every attempt is made to curb down capital punishment in each of its federal, state and territories. There are official abolition of the death penalty that is made by the state and the territories giving it more authentic and concrete atmosphere. However, the 2010 Act which is the landmark law which imposes restrictions of every state and territory to eradicate any attempt to reintroduce death penalty has its own limitation, that is, the power of the federal law to overturn the 2010 Act and the international obligations that the government of Australian must comply with. However, leaving the concerns aside, the enactment of 2010 is a major achievement in the legislative history of Australia which has achieved its aim to abolish capital punishment in its entirety. Reference List A Castles, (1982) An Australian Legal History (Law Book Co, 1982). M Field, (1990) Fagan, Roy Frederick - Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Lennan Williams (2012) The Death Penalty in Australian Law, Sydney law Review, VOL 34:659. Potas Walker, (1987) Capital Punishment, Trends and Issues in Criminal Justice Paper No 3, Australian Institute of Criminology,. S Freeland, (2010) No longer acceptable: the exclusion of the death penalty under international criminal law 15(2) Australian Journal of Human Rights. T Castle, (2008) Watching them hang: capital punishment and public support in colonial New South Wales, 18261836 (2008) 5(2) History Australia. M Walton, (2005) The Death Penalty in Australia and Overseas (2005) NSW Council for Civil Liberties Background Paper 2005/3, 29 March 2005.