The Origins of Marxism free essay sample

This paper examines the causes of Marxism, including a past filled with its authors and its standards. The paper talks about how Marxism was established by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and how it depends on standards from German way of thinking, French radicalism, and the British modern insurgency. Its preferences and restrictions for down to earth use in todays society are additionally talked about. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were two radical scholars who established Marxist hypothesis, which they called Communism. Marx was a law and truth seeker in Germany while Engels dealt with his dads material processing plant. At the point when the two men met in Paris in 1844, they started a forty-year long coordinated effort in intuition and composing. After three years, they joined the extreme Communist League which had the significant objective of a brought together Germany. Notwithstanding, the League bombed when it was overwhelmed by counterrevolution in Germany. Marx and Engels composed the Communist Manifesto for the Communist League, which was distributed in January 1848. We will compose a custom paper test on The Origins of Marxism or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In it they examined their definitive objective of a class-less society. Marxism had not yet become, and would not until 1870.

3 Questions About Hyphenation with Adverbs

3 Questions About Hyphenation with Adverbs 3 Questions About Hyphenation with Adverbs 3 Questions About Hyphenation with Adverbs By Mark Nichol Scholars are frequently confounded about whether an expression starting with a modifier ought to be hyphenated. The responses to the accompanying three inquiries clarify when hyphenation is required and when it is wrong. 1. I read an article that incorporated this sentence: â€Å"Smith gave a valiant effort during a broadly communicated discourse this month to drive voters off from Jones.† Is that hyphen right? Intensifiers finishing off with - ly are for the most part not hyphenated, on the grounds that the postfix flags that the modifier adjusts the word that tails it, not the thing that follows the two words, so a hyphen is excess. Numerous individuals, including your companion, befuddle such word intensifying expressions with descriptive expressions (or phrasal modifiers, as they’re all the more generally called), which do as a rule take hyphens. 2. Valid or bogus: If a verb modifier is a piece of the phrasal descriptor, it needn't bother with a hyphen to interface it. For instance, â€Å"She was a profoundly energetic student.† Assuming that is valid, how might you approach the phrasal modifier in this sentence: â€Å"We’re having no place else discussions in this classified community.† Else is a qualifier, however to alter discussions, does â€Å"nowhere else† need a hyphen? Valid and bogus: In conversations of verb-modifying phrases that change a thing, the qualification portrayed in the response to the past inquiry and rehashed here is some of the time overlooked: Adverbs finishing off with - ly are never hyphenated in such expressions, on the grounds that the postfix flags that the modifier adjusts the following word, not the thing, so a hyphen is repetitive. Intensifiers with no such postfix, in any case, ought to be hyphenated, as in â€Å"nowhere-else conversations.† (However, I don't suggest that specific development.) 3. A colleague who altered a report I composed demands that the hyphen in the accompanying sentence is required: â€Å"Condemnation of her hostile reaction was close universal.† Is she right? Your associate is under the close all inclusive confusion that when the modifier close to goes before a descriptive word, the two words are constantly connected by a hyphen. In any case, this is genuine just when the words join to alter a thing that follows, as in the expression â€Å"near-all inclusive condemnation.† (This is an instance of hyphenation with an intensifier that doesn't end with - ly, as examined in the response to the past inquiry.) This differentiation is equivalent to for phrasal descriptive words comprising of a descriptor and a thing changed over to a modifier, as in the distinction between â€Å"the most elevated netting film† and â€Å"the film that is most elevated grossing.† Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Punctuation classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Story8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesHow to Style Titles of Print and Online Publications

Congrats on your Graduation! Now Read This

Well done on your Graduation! Presently Read This There’s a curious sinking feeling that regularly follows the ecstatic happiness of wearing a top and outfit, seeing your confirmation just because, and refreshing your resume to incorporate your new alumni status. Ronda Lee, a blogger and original school and graduate school graduate, has a few hints and proposals to assist you with making the strides that come straightaway! Carefully, she sees that â€Å"You never realize who will be the individual who will lead you to your next activity, customer, or large thought. . .Commonly employments are filled before the posting on the grounds that the recruiting individual sent an email to companions and contacts requesting names of potential candidates.† Even increasingly significant, she outlines organizing as a commonly valuable relationship, as opposed to a progression of clumsy uneven espresso gatherings. Be liberal with your contacts, go along circumstances that aren’t directly for you, and trust that it’ll r eturn to you with long haul benefits. When bidding farewell your colleagues and teachers, it’s critical to be benevolent and lay the foundation for future connections. Your coaches might be the ones composing your first suggestions; your schoolmates might be the guardians who talk with you before the recruiting chief does. Compose cards to say thanks. Bring messages back. Don’t consume bridges!Once you’ve found that first employment out of school, a group player’s demeanor is vital. Deal with your time and act naturally sufficientâ€but don’t be so up to speed that you neglect to pose inquiries when you’re confounded. Convey unmistakably and respectfully with everyoneâ you come acrossâ€there’s not a viable replacement for a decent reputation as a faithful and dependable collaborator! Be adaptable and ready to adjust, particularly in the start of another position where your duties might be in motion. In the event that you becom e known as somebody who’s eager to get the show on the road to take on new undertakings and complete them effectively, you’ll have remaining with your manager when it’s time to advocate for yourself, your abilities, and future opportunities.Millennials have a notoriety for being presumptuous or reluctant to pay their duesâ€having a self-propelled, enterprising soul is an astounding thing, however ensure you’re ready to get familiar with the ropes before you begin kicking off something new. Discover tutors who will call it like they see itâ€even when it’s hard to hearâ€and exploit your alma mater’s profession focus assets in the event that you need support at any page of occupation chasing or early business.

Origins Of Today s Music - 1546 Words

Origins of Today s Music While blues and jazz are musically different, they play a similar role in the in the musical genres that is heard today. Today, music is divided into many genres such as hip-hop, easy listening, country, rock and roll or classic rock, etc. Pure blues or jazz is hardly thought of, as those two genres are not heard as often in today’s music. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the difference between blues and jazz music. Blues and jazz are musical genres, or styles, which are considered American musical traditions. Blues and jazz are related because the roots of jazz are from the blues and they both originated from the American south, invented and practiced by African-Americans. Although they are related, they have distinct differences, both culturally and musically. These two genres still impact the music that is heard today, and the confusion of telling the two apart is because of the numerous musical crossovers that artists do these d ays. Cultural Differences Blues Blues developed in the working fields of Georgia, the Carolinas, Texas, and the Mississippi delta region of the south, specifically southern Mississippi. In an article, Morgan Freeman, actor and owner of Ground Zero Blues Club, was quoted saying â€Å"People working those cotton fields, they would sing, we call it field holler’. You got two or three hundred people out across the fields answering the call, you know, it’s like call-and-response. It’s a great work song,Show MoreRelatedA Perspective Of Rock And Roll s Impact On Society1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthe essence of rock n roll. It speaks it s truth about the influence on attitudes towards authority and implies how society reacted to the new revolution created by Rock ‘n roll, transforming the world into what it has become today. The music affected how people used recreational drugs, having unmarried sex, and threatened the traditional religious view points in life. The music and culture from late 1940’s through 1950’s begin the influence of rock music before it was even called rock and roll.Read MoreSimilarities Between Hip Hop And Pop Music1117 Words   |  5 Pageship hop music and pop music. It has brought a bountiful amount of collaborations and music that makes individuals want to dance and have a great time. Many times there is a negative connection between the musical styles. For example, there is also a lot of disdain between artists, many times about whether their respective genre is what they consider â€Å"real† music. Pop music has been defined as â€Å"a body of music which is distinguishable from popular jazz, rock and folk music.† Hip Hop music has beenRead MoreThe Genre Of Rock N Roll1062 Words   |  5 PagesElvis Presley, also known as the king of Rock ‘n’ roll, once said â€Å"Rock ‘n’ roll music, if you like it, if you feel it, you can t help but move to it. That s w hat happens to me. I can t help it.† The genre of Rock ‘n’ roll has been a part of the world since the early 1940’s. According to Just a Half a Mile from the Mississippi Bridge: The Mississippi River Valley Origins of Rock ‘n’ Roll, this genre was born in the Mississippi River Valley and moved up and down its course, including its tributariesRead MoreEssay on Mariachi Music1590 Words   |  7 PagesMariachi Music The origins of the word mariachi are not very clear. One theory, that the word came from the French word for marriage has been totally discounted. Many historians believed that the word originated when a Frenchman named Maximillian was the emperor of Mexico. Evidence of the usage of the word dates back much earlier than the arrival of Europeans, so the word had to come from somewhere else. Another theory states that the origin came from the name of the wood used to make theRead MoreThe Aspects Of Roman Life Regarding Music1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe feelings that the Ancient Romans had towards music could be described as ambivalent. They admired it and at the same time, they condemned it. Music, nevertheless, played a role in Roman society that, as time passed, became less and less important to the Romans. As a result, much of the information about music in Ancient Rome has been lost in time. However what has been discovered about this topic is quite fascinating, in spite of what it is lacking. The subsequent paragraphs will explain someRead MoreBrazil And Caribbean Culture Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesWithin Brazil and the Caribbean lies a racial mixture of cultures. Since the 1930s the people have, overall, enthusiastically adopted the notion that racial and cultural mixture defines this regions national identity (Samba 1). This region consists of a very historic background which has shaped the beliefs and customs of celebration, music and dance. Sugar cane was brought to the new worldRead MoreEssay on Merengue - A vivid Kaleidoscope758 Words   |  4 Pagesa single drum. These types of music which find their origin in African influence have developed into a meshwork of individual sounds and have grown to be identified with a particular culture. An example of such can be seen in the evolution and history of one of these, Merengue. This type of dance is native to the Carribean, however, it has developed and taken its precedence in the Dominican Republic. This Carribean nation has been crucial to the spread of this music on an international level. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;EvenRead MoreThe Mafia s Influence On Hip Hop1603 Words   |  7 Pagesis a unique culture, history, social impact and influence on society. Hip-Hop/Rap is one of the most popular genre of music. It has helped shape the pop culture into what it is today. What is popular culture? The ideas, activities or products, which are popular among the general mass. In today’s pop culture, one subject that is at the top of the list is hip-hop/rap. Hip-Hop music highlights verses consisting of slang and catchy phrases, which some parents find troublesome. However, the younger generationRead MoreBob Marley: His Music, His Words, His Legacy Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pages The 70s - musically, culturally, and politically - was a transitional phase, and a emotional link between two very infamous periods. This decade was also the recess from reality, in which people used music to escape from the real world leaving behind all their worries. People were consumed by appetites, addicted to their guilty pleasures, and soon there would be a price to pay. During the late 60s and early 70‘s, reggae music was created by combining the characteristicsRead MoreWhat Is Sublime As Stoner Rock1233 Words   |  5 PagesLong Beach, California, Sublime has made some of the most unique music to date. Their talents go beyond their popular songs on the radio like classic hits Santeria, What I Got, and Smoke Two Joints. Many classify Sublime as stoner rock, which may be true, but their music isn t limited to only potheads. Sublime is such an interesting band because of their origin, music, and their rise to fame. First of all, Sublime s origin should be known. Bassist Eric Wilson and drummer Bud Gaugh grew up

Charter Schools Vs. Public Schools Essay - 2233 Words

Charter schools are all the buzz in the media lately; they are what seems to be the sensible response to the path traditional public schools are heading, down the drain. However, charter schools still face many obstacles and issues, stemming from the fact that they are far less regulated than their public school counterparts. This enacts issues including lack of quality control, increased segregation, and severe misuse of funds. Likewise, charter schools are only going to become increasingly more competitive and higher quality if their closest competitors follow that path, meaning the most successful charters are the ones compared directly to private schools. Since charters are also attempting to make a profit, they will go to all extents, including discrimination to bring up the scores, and therefore gain more leverage in negotiating for more funds. Simply enough, the most logical and simple way to prevent charter schools from degrading in quality or becoming out of control is to pu t more regulation on them, while still allowing them to maintain many characteristics of an independent charter. The concept of a charter schools was put into place just 25 years ago, in Minnesota. The idea as letting schools manage their own finances and exist as a separate legal entity were not new, those ideas had been considered for nearly two decades before the first charter was enacted. (Kahlenburg) By allowing schools to choose how to designate funds, and allowing students to chooseShow MoreRelatedCharter School Vs. Public Schools974 Words   |  4 PagesSuccess Why choose to go to Charter School rather than public school? Charter schools are public school of choice, meaning families choose for their children. Federal legislation provides grants to help charters to manage start-up costs. They create better educational opportunities for the students therefore they have higher expectations in teaching. Charter Schools and zoned (public) schools are tuition free but unfortunately not everyone can get in to Charter school, since it works by lotteryRead MoreCharter Schools Vs. Public Schools2223 Words   |  9 PagesAt the foundation of the American public school system is the belief that every child deserves a quality education. To this end, the public school system in America has undergone many reforms. One of which has been charter schools. Charter schools are independent public schools of choice working under the auspices of a charter and not governed by the board of education. The charter can be written by parents, teachers, school ad ministrators, community leaders, educational businesses, etc. ItRead MoreCharter Schools Vs Traditional Public Schools948 Words   |  4 Pages Charter Schools vs Traditional Public Schools Charter schools are an alternative to traditional public schools, but are often viewed as the superior option in comparison to the traditional public school route. By definition, charter schools are a publicly funded and privately ran school under the charter of an educational authority. These types of schools are held to different types of standards than most traditional public schools with freedom to explore unique methods of educating childrenRead MoreCharter Schools Vs Public Schools1199 Words   |  5 PagesCharter schools are defined as a publicly funded school, established as an autonomous institution with educational goals set by it board, and operating by contract or charter with local school board or state. (oed.com). Since these schools are privatized, many parents believe they are somehow better performing than neighborhood public schools. Charter schools rely on convincing data to justify the practice of privatizing schools, data that shows high performing students . However, they hide the factRead MoreCharter Schools vs. Public Schools Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesCharter Schools vs. Public Schools Are charter schools the right choice to the educational needs of our children? Charter schools are tuition free public schools created and operated by parents, organizations, and community groups to fill student’s educational needs. Charter schools consider educating their students as the priority, and identify how children’s learning needs are different from each other, so they came up with different ways on educating their students such as learning in small groupsRead MorePublic vs. Charter Schools Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesPublic Schools vs. Charter Schools The first day of school is a rite of passage for most children. The step from home or day care to school is huge: they are a big kid now. However, sometimes the local Public School, especially in rural or economically challenged areas, can be an uncertain, questionable and scary place, and yet parents are expected to entrust them with their five or six year old child. Some years ago, when my daughter was ready to enter school, she and I had just such an experienceRead MoreTraditional Public Schools1546 Words   |  7 Pagesindicate the conditions at a charter or traditional public school (including traditional public schools and magnet schools) attended by the average white, black, Hispanic, LEP and IDEA students in the state of California. For example, the seventh and eighth columns (number of AP courses) indicate that the average white student enrolled in a charter school attends a school with 8.5 AP courses, while the average white student enrolled in a traditional public sch ool attends a school offering 15.6 AP coursesRead MoreCharter School Conflict With The Public Schools On Different Issues1718 Words   |  7 Pages Charter School Conflict This paper will discuss charter school conflicts with the public schools on different issues. According to Ron Zimmer and Richard Buddin, â€Å"The last few years have been marked by dramatic growth in charter schools in California. In a recent radio forum, KQED Public Media, Titled Growth of Charter Schools in California Leads to Conflict with School Districts, discuses about the conflict between charter school and public school in the Oakland school district. ThisRead MoreThe Role Of State And Local Control Of Education850 Words   |  4 Pagesbody that establishes and makes sure that school districts employ only qualified individuals. The importance of state and local control of education is crucial and provides the opportunity for each state to develop their own definition of what qualifications are needed by individuals in order to be considered â€Å"highly qualified†. This definition must be reliable with NCLB as well as with the unique needs of the state. The state law requires public school elementary and secondary teachers to meetRead MoreWhy Charter Schools Are Important to Education Essay example1415 Words   |  6 Pages Why Charter Schools Are Important to Education Charter schools are public schools, but can be a better option than traditional public schools for some students. By definition, a charter school is a publicly funded and privately run school under the charter of an educational authority. (2-4) A charter school is held to a different set of standards than most traditional public schools. This can often work towards their advantage because it allows them to try new and unique methods of educating children

Sex Discrimination or Inequality in Workplace -Samples for Students

Question: Write a report of Sex Discrimination or Inequality in Workplace. Answer: Introduction Gender Discrimination means treating someone it may be employee or an applicant disapprovingly. Law forbids sex discrimination at workplace. It is totally against the law when it comes to service or employment such hiring of an employee, firing of an employee, promotion of an employee, any perquisites to an employee, pay scale of an employee, training of an employee, any other conditions that are applicable to employment. Sex discrimination is unlawful and it becomes harassment at workplace (The Body, 2017). Harassment need not to be sexual in nature, it can be offensive remark made against persons sexual orientation. For example:- It is not legal to harass a transgender at a work place by passing bad comments about transgender in general. Target can be anyone like it may be man, a woman, or transgender. The person who harasses the worker at a workplace can be his/her manger, supervisor, colleague, customer or a client(Barreriro, 2017) The Policies of employment applies to each employee equally irrespective of his/her sex and it will not be legal if it has an adverse effect on the job of people of a particular sex. There can be direct and indirect sex discrimination. When an employee is adversely treated due to its gender, orientation it is called direct gender discrimination. When the supervisor handles the job based on gender capability it is called indirect sex discrimination. It is the duty of employers to eliminate the workplace sex discrimination practices by applying some policies regarding workplace ethics. Some of the Issues or examples that are faced by the Lesbian, Gay, Transgender and bisexual at workplace: Not having officially authorized safety in place of work:- Some of the countries does not permit LGBT persons to have same sex relationship. Existence of this kind of law it is not possible for the LGBT centre of population to have legal safety in place of work. In many countries Transgender employee can be fired for their sexual orientation (Burns, 2017). Discrimination in Job interrogation process: Study shows in Europe many people of LGBT centre of population has complained that because of their sexual orientation they have to face high discrimination at job interviews. Fear of bad comments keeps the LGBT centre of people in introvert at workplace: LGBT group of people keep themselves introvert and they often do not share their identity because they think that sharing their originality may make their relation with their colleagues bad or they will not get the better opportunities due to their sexual orientation. They also fell that someone may bullied them by passing bad comments about their originality. Non acceptance of LGBT centre of population at workplace: Many of the skilled and competent LGBT employees leave their job because they do not feel the sense of support and respect from other employees and they feel left out at the work place, they feel like they are not the part of the organisations. Studies says that due to this most of the LGBT employees do not share their personal lives with their colleagues. Transgender employees face more discrimination at the place of work in comparison to LBG employees: Transgender employees face more mistreatment in comparison to the LBG employees at work place. They are being considered as unwanted in the place of work (Us commission, 2017). Acts passed regarding workplace same sex discrimination in different countries. While the advancement has been made in several countries by permitting same sex marriages still many lesbians, gays bisexual, transgender thinks that enlightening their sexual orientation will have pessimistic consequences. The key face up to for the LGBT centre of population is the recurrent persecution and inequity in the place of work. The figures for transgender employees are much higher for discrimination at workplace compare to lesbian, gays, and bisexual. More than 14 countries have made laws against LGBT sexual discrimination at workplace through national statute. Countries that have enacted such laws are:-.Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden etc. Let us see how different countries deal with sex discrimination differently:- Canada The human right act of Canada prohibits the Discrimination based on sexual orientation at workplace. This law extended to federally synchronized employers, property owners and services. Regional human right laws endow with guard based on sexual orientation in all Canadian regions other than Alberta, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward island. Denmark Penal code of Denmark have clause related to prohibition of discrimination based sexual orientation, public employment and private labour market are included in this. Finland Finnish penal code forbids the discriminatory action on sexual orientation, and it prohibits discrimination in hiring, pay scale, working environment. France Moers means ethical custom or lifestyle, and the discrimination based on all this s not permitted by French penal code. It also extended to positions in armed forces (WOlfe, 2017). South Africa: Constitution of South Africa has provided laws against sexual orientation discrimination. Sweden: Swedish government has not permitted same sex discrimination in commercial entities. Let us know discuss some figures regarding same sex harassment in workplace According to the figures of commission 2012, 1 out of 10 Australians have witness sexual harassment at workplace. Bulk number LGBT who have witnessed harassment have taken some sort of action against such harassment. Response to the complaint made by the victim was to listen their grievance and offering some kind of guidance to them. The United States have made great moves to encourage gender equality and fair practises at work place in recent years. Some Statistics of recent years can be shown in the following table:- Kind of provocation Practised(approx.) observed Verbal harassment 55% 65.2% Physical contact harassment 31% 38.4% Emotional harassment 54.5% 56% Observation and surveys shows that anywhere in the world gay, lesbian, transgender face wide discrimination at the place of work. Percentage is around 17 to 45 % of the LGBT centre of people who have encountered such discrimination at the place of work. More than 15k people have experienced sexual harassment at workplace. These cases are brought into notice by equal employment opportunity commission. These cases have been increased a lot in recent years. Around 91% of the transgender have encountered mistreatment and bad behaviour with them at the place of work. A firm has conducted one of the poll in recent years and the workers made revelations as such(figures are in approximation):- More than 45% of gay and transgender employees have faced sexual harassment at workplace through terminations. More than 29% of gay and transgender employees have faced sexual harassment at workplace by not getting promotions or by having the negative work appraisal. Around 65% of the victims have taken no actions against such harassment. Their supervisor harassed around 45% of the employees. Their colleagues harassed around 15% of the employees. Their junior employees harassed some of the employees around 8%. About 43% of the gay, lesbian and transgender has been physically and orally ill-treated at place of work. There are many other measures, which have been taken to prevent workplace from same sex discrimination these can be discussed as follows:- Adoption of clear sexual orientation harassment policy which includes definition of sexual harassment, intolerance of sexual harassment guidelines, providing strong resolving for the harassment grievances, etc. Training of the employees regarding discrimination based on sexual orientation at least once in every year will be very beneficial and it will provide clear understanding between employees regarding this issue. This in turn will prevent such discrimination acts. Training of supervisors and managers is also essential regarding this issue so that they will get to know how to handle such issues at work place and how to provide proper resolution to the victim. Sex discrimination supreme court case laws: In 2016 Chavez v. Credit Nation Auto sales. L.L.C Glenn v. Bumpy in the year 2011 In 2000 Rosa v. Parks W. Bank Trust Co. In 2016 Mickeys v. General electric company. In the year 2016 Doe v. Ariz. How to handle same sex discrimination at workplace. There are many rules and regulation are made in workplace related to same sex discrimination at workplace. Victim of same sex discrimination can make complain to the ombudsperson or human resource department of the company or any authorise person who can look after these issues in a workplace. There will be a mechanism involve in any company to resolve this issue. Even if the person did not get relief may file complaint to equal employment opportunity commission to get the relief against gender discrimination at workplace. Conclusion Same sex discrimination is a vital issue at workplace, it can lead to many complex situations at work, it can make the work culture dirty. To eliminate this many laws and acts have passed to rescue Such situation but still it is faced by many victim till now. Nowadays companies are making strict laws regarding same sex discrimination, which has been helpful to resolve this great extent. References Wolfe, L. (2017).What is sexual discrimination. [online] Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/gender-sex-discrimination-examples-3515723 [Accessed 9th 2017].[1] Workplace fairness. (2017).Sex discrimination. [online] Available at: https://www.workplacefairness.org/sexual-gender-discrimination [Accessed 9th 2017].[2] Sexual harrasment. (2017). Discrimination at workplace. [online] Available at: https://www.sexualharassmentlawfirms.com/Sexual-Harassment-statistics.cfm [Accessed 9th 2017].[3] Australian human rights commission. (2017). Sexual harassment. [online] Available at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sexual-harassment-information-employees [Accessed 9th 2017].[4] US commission (2017).Sex based discrimination. [online] Available at: https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/sex.cfm [Accessed 9th 2017].[5] The Body (2017). Sex discrimination. [online] Available at: https://www.thebody.com/content/art2432.html [Accessed 9th 2017].[6] Burns, C. (2017). Gay and transgender. [online] Available at: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbt/news/2011/06/02/9872/gay-and-transgender-people-face-high-rates-of-workplace-discrimination-and-harassment/ [Accessed 9th 2017].[7] Barreriro, S. (2017).Preventing sex discrimination . [online] Available at: https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/preventing-sexual-harassment-workplace-29851.html [Accessed 9th 2017].

Linde Bangladesh Essay Example

Linde Bangladesh Essay Linde Bangladesh Limited (formerly BOC Bangladesh Limited) a multinational organization that has been present in the country for nearly 60 years with continuous expansion in operations and business, providing global solutions with a local outlook. With a modest appearance at the beginning, all the products of Linde Bangladesh Limited are now part and parcel of all the industrial and economic activities of the country. The selected topic of this internship report is â€Å"A Comprehensive Study on the Distribution Channel of the Welding Business of Linde Bangladesh Limited. † First part of the report talks about the organization; its nature as well as other introductory element of the company . Second part of the report covers the introduction of the project along with the project’s objectives, scope, statement of the problems etc. The next part strives to discuss about the Welding Business of Linde Bangladesh as well as the Distribution department of the welding business with its major functions. Linde Bangladesh is a leading manufacturer of welding electrodes and provides one stop solution for cutting and joining through countrywide distribution network. Countrywide the company has 18 sales centre based at different locations to serve more than 800 dealers. Country as a whole is demarcated into five region each region consists of four territories. To operate the whole distribution process Linde Bangladesh has one Sales manager for each region who looks after the overall distribution process of the territories under that particular region. However one CRO (Customer relationship officer) and one CSA (Customer relationship assistant) are assigned for each territory. They usually use pick up to deliver their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some report about vehicles movements, amount of products carried per day, maps illustrates how Linde Bangladesh is utilizing their distribution resources. The focused area of this report is Khulna, so I tried to discuss about the current scenario of the distribution process of Khulna territory as well as the areas of problems which is facing by them. Order placement plays a vital role in distribution process. Therefore the functions of iConnect have been portrayed to get an idea about the role played by iConnect in order placement process of the company. Moreover, as Linde Bangladesh deals with environment sensitive and dangerous element, it tries to ensure the safety measures also. The Company maintains a standard for their vehicles as well as their drivers for ensuring the safety issues. Linde Bangladesh uses some software and electronic devices for making its vehicles safer. For ensuring the optimization of vehicle in the distribution process, the company keeps trip list report summarizes all the trips for a specific asset over a specified period of time. The report shows start and stop times and location, including total travelling time, distance, and quantity of products distributes. In spite of having a strong distribution network, some areas have been found that needs to be improved. Finally, in recommendation part, some suggestions such as dividing routes, employing higher capacity vehicle, optimizing delivery schedule are given to capture the maximum utility from the market in future. Table of Contents |Name of the Topic |Page Number | |Letter of transmittal. 3 | |Letter of Endorsements by the supervisor |4 | |Acknowledgment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |5 | |Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |6-7 | |CHAPTER-01: Overview Of LINDE BANGLADESH LIMITED Bangladesh Ltd | |1. 0 Organization Profile Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |13 | |1. 1 History of Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |13-14 | |1. 1. 1 Merger Acquisition with Linde AG †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |15 | |1. 1. 2 Common History †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |15-16 | |1. 2 About Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |16-17 | |1. 2. 1 Vision Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |17-18 | |1. 2. 2 Market Position†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |19 | |1. 2. 3 Safety Matters †¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 | |1. 2. 4 Internal Control †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |20 | |1. 2. 5 Financial Results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |20 | |1. 2. 6 Locations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |21-22 | |1. 2. 7 Organizational Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |23 | |1. 2. 8 Range of Products and Service†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. |23-26 | | CHAPTER -02: Introduction to the Study | |2. Introduction to the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |28 | |2. 1 Rationale of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |28 | |2. 2 Statement of the problem. |28 | |2. 3 Scope Delimitation of the sutdy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |28-29 | |2. 4 Objectives of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |29 | |2. 4. 1 Primary Objective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |29 | |2. 4. Specific Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |29 | | CHAPTER -03: Review of related literature regarding the welding industry and marketer | |3. 0 Review of related literature regarding the welding industry and marketer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. | | |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |31 | |3. 1 Welding Industry in Bangladesh †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |31 | |3. 2 Welding Industry Performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ |32-33 | |3. Distribution Operations of the Welding Business Linde Bangladesh Limited |33-36 | |3. 3. 1 Distributor Channel Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |36 | |3. 4 Safety Management of Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |36 | |3. 4. 1. Golden Rules of Safety of Linde Bangladesh †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |37 | |3. 4. 2. Driver’s Safety. 37-39 | |3. 4. 3. Vehicle’s Safety.. |39 | |3. 4. 4. Golden Rules on Driving and Vehicles.. |39-40 | |3. 4. 5. Truck Avoidable Accident Rate. |40 | |3. 4. 6. Managing Safety Standard |40-41 | |3. 4. 7. Automatic Vehicle Location system (AVLS). |41-42 | |3. 4. 8. System Overview |43-44 | |3. 4. 9. General Features and Benefits of AVLS |44 | |3. 4. 10. Web-based Vehicle Tracking System .. |45 | |3. 4. 11. General Features and Benefits (Web based vehicle tracking system).. |46 | |3. 4. 12. Standard Violations |46 | |3. 4. 13. User-defined Violations |46 | |3. 4. 14. Trips List Report.. |47 | |3. 4. 15. Second-by-Second Incident Analysis |47 | |3. 4. 16. Vehicle Immobilization 47 | |3. 4. 17. Anti-theft Options.. |48 | |3. 4. 18. Why we choose AVLS. |48-49 | |3. 4. 19. Driver profiling. |49 | |3. 4. 20. Accident analysis. |49 | |3. . 21. |49-50 | |Security. |50-51 | |3. 4. 22. Benefits of Business.. |51 | |3. 5 Review of Literature related to the Distribution. |52 | |3. 5. 1 Distribution Objectives. |52 | |3. . 2 Distribution Strategy: |52-54 | |3. 5. 3 Distribution Channels Key Concepts Steps:. | | |Chapter 4. Methodology | |4. 0 Methodology †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |56 | |4. 1 Primary Data Collection.. |56 | |4. Secondary Data Collection. |56 | |4. 3 Mechanical Tools†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |56 | |Chapter 05 Analysis and Interpretation of Data | |5. 0. Analysis and Interpretation of Data. |58 | |5. 1. Distribution Channel Management of Linde Bangladesh in Khulna.. |58-59 | |5. 2. Linde Bangladesh iConnect.. |59 | |5. 2. 1. Benefits of iConnect |59-60 | |5. 2. 2. Information Collected by iConnect.. |60 | |5. 2. 3. How iConnect works. |61 | |5. 2. 4. iConnect Communication Channels. 61 | |5. 2. 5. iConnect Reminder |61-62 | |5. 2. 6. Some important command used in iConnect.. |62 | |5. 2. 7. iConnect Technical Architecture |63 | |5. 3. Important features regarding the cost of Managing Distribution.. |64 | |5. 3. 1. Total Distribution Cost per Distance Travelled.. 64 | |5. 3. 2 Total Variable Cost. |64 | |5. 3. 2. 1. Total Overtime Cost.. |64 | |5. 3. 2. 2. Total Fuel Cost |64-65 | |5. 3. 2. 3. Others |65 | |. 65 | |5. 3. 3. Total Fixed Cost. |66 | |5. 4. Effectivity Analysis of the distribution process of Linde Bangladesh |66 | |5. 4. 1. Capacity Utilization.. |66-67 | |5. 4. 2. Time Utilization.. |67 | |5. 4. 3. Deviations from Schedule | | |5. 5. Performance regarding the slowness and the fastness consumption of the welding |67-69 | |products:†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | | |Chapter 06: Findings | |6. 0. Findings: †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |71-72 | |Chapter 07: Recommendations | |7. . Recommendations:†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |74-75 | |Chapter 08: Conclusion | |8. 0. Conclusion†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |77 | |Bibliography Appendix | Part – 1 Chapter 1 Profile of the Organization 1. 0. Organization Profile and Overview 1. 1. History of Linde Bangladesh Limited Linde Bangladesh Limited (formerly known as BOC Bangladesh) is both an old and relatively a new company. Old because it has been present in what it is now in Bangladesh, in one form or the other, since the days of British India. New because it was registered under its own identity only in 1973. The Company began, after the independence of Bangladesh, with a modest turnover of over Tk. 6 million. The turnover in 1999 exceeded Taka 1 billion. Linde Bangladesh Limited started out as Bangladesh Oxygen Limited with 3 small Oxygen plants and Dissolved Acetylene plants, one of each in Dhaka, Chittagong and Khu1na. In addition, it had an operating contract to run the Oxygen plants of Chittagong Steel Mills (CSM), which is no more there today. For the manufacture of Welding Electrodes the Company had three extruders and new one would commence operation from 2012. From inception, the Company had remained the sole supplier of Medical Oxygen in the Country. In the mid 70s a Nitrous Oxide plant, still the only one in Bangladesh, was imported and installed in Dhaka to provide the nation with this vital anesthetic gas. Later in the decade a Carbon Dioxide plant was bought and installed in Dhaka and this was the first in the Country to produce dry ice. In the early 80s the first liquid gas plant was imported from New Zealand and again installed in Dhaka, where the demand for Oxygen was concentrated. Shortly after that came the first boom in ship cutting and demand for Oxygen went through the roof. The Company invested immediately in additional compressing capacity for the surplus Oxygen at CSM while simultaneously pursuing the Government to permit it to invest in new production capacity. Eventually the Company was permitted to import 400 cubic meters per hour air separation plant from Australia, capable of producing Liquid Oxygen, Nitrogen and, for the first time in Bangladesh, Argon. This was installed in Chittagong, essentially to feed the ship breaking market on the beach. In the early 90s booster was added to this to increase output, pending investment in further capacity. Meanwhile, the welding business of the Company was also growing fast and in the early 80s a state of the art RAM extruder was added to the production line, dramatically improving output and quality of electrodes. The Company, in another innovative move, invested in a wire drawing machine for the electrode factory. A second RAM was added in the late 80s to keep up with demand. The Company went public in 1973 when the Government renounced its right shares in favor of the public. Today, Linde Bangladesh is one of the premier companies in the Country. Bangladesh Oxygen Limited changed its name to BOC Bangladesh Limited in March 1995 in line with a worldwide program of the BOC Group. The 90s witnessed another change in the fortunes of the Company with deregulation and liberalization of the economy. A site was specially purchased at Rupganj, near Dhaka, where the Company installed 30 tons per day air separation plant, the largest in the country. The US made plant produces Oxygen, Nitrogen and Argon and is technologically, as advanced as any in the world. It came on stream in 1995. At the same time, the Company also invested in a modern integrated welding electrode plant, made by the largest welding electrode manufacturers in the world, which was imported and installed at the new site in Rupganj. A technical collaboration arrangement was also made with the suppliers ESABAB of Sweden and the plant went into production in 1995. Welding business received ISO 9002 certification in the following year. A distribution agreement has been signed with world class Welding Company, The Lincoln Company of USA. In March 1998 a second line of production was added to the integrated Welding Electrode Factory at Rupganj, doubling the capacity. Same year, in November 1998 a new site with a 20 TPD liquid plant was acquired in Shitalpur, Chittagong. 1. 1. 1. Merger Acquisition with Linde AG The Linde Group has a history of over 130 years built on a heritage of innovation with a strong focus on technology. The company’s founder, Carl von Linde, invented refrigeration technology and pioneered a process of air separation. Today, the company is a global market leader in gases and engineering providing technology solutions for a wide range of industrial and other applications. In March 2006, Linde AG made an offer for The BOC group. It was recommended by the BOC Board and accepted by shareholders in August. This was ratified by the European Commission in June, and was completed on September, 5th 2006. Following the acquisition the Linde group is one of the world’s leading industrial gases and engineering groups. Finally on 20 November, 2011 the BOC Bangladesh rebranded as Linde Bangladesh Limited. 1. 1. 2 Common History Linde and BOC unite to become The Linde Group. Both companies have more than 100 year of history and strong track records as innovators. In 1879, Gesellschaft fur Lindes Eismaschinen AG in Wiesbaden was founded in Germany. In 1880 Arthur and Leon Brin take out the first of their patents on a process for separating oxygen (barium oxide process). Linde British Refrigeration Co, in London in 1885,that was Lindes first non-German company. In 1886, Brins Oxygen Company Ltd was founded. In 1895, patent to Carl von Linde for the process of liquefying atmospheric air or other gases was granting. Patent for air separation and the construction of the first air separator allowing oxygen purity of up to 97 percent, which was held in 1906. Linde and Brins Oxygen Co. agree to use Lindes patents in 1906. However Linde becomes shareholder in Brins. Carl von Linde joins the board; Brins changes name to The British Oxygen Company Ltd. Linde Air Products Co. was founded in 1907 in USA. In 1914, BOC started operating high purity gas plants in six major British cities. Lind took over of Guldner-Motoren-Gesellschaft (Diesel engines and tractors) in 1929. BOC bought controlling stake in African Oxygen (South Africa) in 1935 to become the leading gas company in Africa, which was known AFROX. In 1946, BOC opened research facility in New Jersey (USA). BOL Limited (Foundation of Linde-BOC joint venture) was founded in 1954 to coordinate the technical design and sales of air separation plants. In 1959 Linde began volume production of hydraulic units and forklifts. The discovery of oil and gas under North Sea triggers in 1965, created a strong demand for large vessels, storage tanks and pipelines, boosting BOC sales. Linde-BOC joint venture in refrigeration solutions was founded in 1969. BOC doubled its size upon completing the acquisition of Airco in the USA in 1978. Linde constructed it s largest gas production plant at Leuna, Germany in 1990. In 1991, Linde expanded its gas business in Eastern Europe with the purchase of leading Czech Gas Company, Techno Lyn. The distribution unit of BOC went to a partnership with Marks Spencer in their 25th anniversary in 1994. Linde, BOC and partners joined hands in 2000 to construct world’s largest nitrogen plant to pump heavy crude oil under high pressure in the Cantarell Oil fields, Mexico an innovative joint project involving Linde, BOC and partners. European Commission approved Linde takeover of Swedish Gas Company AGA/Statoil places order with Linde for Europes largest LNG plant (operational from 2007). In 2002 US engineering joint venture Linde-BOC-Process Plants LLC, Tulsa, Ohio was founded. In 2004, Linde celebrates its 125th anniversary; Sale of Linde refrigeration business to Carrier Corporation. In 2005, Linde celebrated International Hydrogen Day. In 2006 Linde and BOC joined forces to become The Linde Group. 1. 2. About Linde Bangladesh Limited Linde Bangladesh Limited (the â€Å"company†) is a listed limited company by shares and was incorporated in Bangladesh in 1973 under the Companies Act 1913. The company became a listed entity in 1976. The company is listed both on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). The address of the registered office is 285 Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh. It has been a direct subsidiary of the BOC Group PLC of United Kingdom since inception. The entire share capital of the BOC Group PLC has been taken over by Linde AG of Germany in 2006 through an acquisition process. The group as a whole had embarked on a program called HPO (High Performance Organization). Though launched at a time of this crisis, like safety it would be an on- going program standing on its four pillars: Customer focus, People excellence, Process excellence and the Ability to execute. The HPO initiative is a long term and strategic initiative aimed at improving the level of performance of our people and business, to increase our performance in all respects. Given the world economic crisis this initiative is expected to help the group meet the challenges ahead in unified and strong manner. 1. 2. 1. Vision Objective Vision An organization vision statement indicates its future direction and business makeup, a guiding concept for what the organization is trying to do and to become. Corporate vision of Linde Bangladesh is stated below: Corporate Objectives Corporate Image:To be seen as progressive company of high reputation and integrity, it provides good value for its products and services. To be seen by Government the public customers and suppliers and the employees as acting in a socially responsible manner and consistent with national aspiration and objectives. Development:To pursue a policy of progressive of industrial and medical gases, welding equipment’s and consumables wherever economics of production justify local manufacture. To maximize local value addition by progressive import substitution of inputs. To install educate production facilities in advance of the demand so as to insure continuing ability to meet the growing national need for our products. To develop new markets and application of products and process and to set up facilities to serve them. Technology:To develop proficiency and competence in welding, cryogenics gas production technology and to promote new applications for gas and welding products, wherever these are relevant to the needs of local industry. To be regard as the foremost and most knowledgeable institution in the country in this field. Marketing:To maintain the position of principle domestic manufacturer and supplier of industrial and medical gases, electrodes and welding and health care equipment by offering reliable suppliers of goods quality products at fair prices. Safety:To provide an accident free environment for employees by promoting and encouraging and implementation safe working practices throughout the company. To develop and foster increased customer awareness of safe product handling practices and procedures. Personal:To provide a productive and satisfying work environment for employees, offering opportunities and development and advancement in career. Profitability:To earn an adequate return on stockholder’s equity and to generate sufficient surplus for growth and expansion. 1. 2. 2. Market Position Linde Bangladesh Limited has a good position in Bangladesh. All three sectors of products have good market shares. Linde Bangladesh Limited is in the first position for selling Gas and Welding products. The healthcare sector has to go a long way to grab a superior market position in Bangladesh. Linde Bangladesh Limited is technologically in a better condition than the other sister concerns in South Asia. 1. 2. 3. Safety Matters Safety remained a number one priority as it is with the whole â€Å"The Linde Group†. Without being complacent one can add that has been an improvement in safety performance in most areas. With the launching of site safety program at Shitalpur all the major sides have now been covered. The incident reporting system had been greatly improved through implementation of an online web based system called synergy hosted in the Linde global server. Safety related activities continued with regular meetings of the safety and sharing of lessons learned from global group incidents SHEQ related issues. Meetings related to behavioral safety called SDG (Safety Dialogue) are held in small groups in every location of the company’s activities on the first working day of each month. 1. 2. 4. Internal Control The control and risks elements related to the company were under constant review. Several audits were carried out including engineering audits. Addressing of the recommendation is an ongoing process with the help of the Business Management Council members. Audit committee meeting took place as per its charter. During the year all the company’s location were connected to SAP at the corporate office. This provides on-line real time information, specially related to sales, inventory and accounts. This facility would be an effective tool for ensuring control and data integrity, besides providing timely management information. 1. 2. 5. Financial Results The company’s turnover improved by 10% at BDT 2,742,816,718 over the previous year’s turnover of BDT 2,498,583 this was driven mainly by volumetric growth of industrial Oxygen, MS Electrodes, Liquid CO2, Medical gases etc. substantial loss of earnings from LPG, Fire Suppression and Welding Training School had to be absorbed. Profitability in the year reached a new peak. While turnover growth was 10% profit from operation grew by 44%. This was as a result of favorable raw material costs, better recovery of fixed costs with volume increase of the key manufactured products and overall control on costs. 1. 2. 6. Locations The registered office of Linde Bangladesh is located at 285 Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka-1208. It has three factories in Bangladesh. The factories Positioned at Tejgaon, Rupganj, and Shitalpur. There are 19 sales center of Linde Bangladesh Limited. The sales centers are- |Location |Address | |01. Tegaon |285 Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka | |02. Postagola |Faridabad, Postagola, Dhaka | |03. Tipu Sultan Road |57-58, Tipu Sultan Road, Sutrapur, Dhaka | |04. Tongi |241, Tongi Industrial Area, Gazipur | |05. Narayangonj |72, Sirajuddowla Road, Narayangonj | |06. Mymensingh |28, Ka K C Roy Road, Mymensingh | |07. Noakhali |Contractor Masjid, (Maijdee Road), Alipur, Begumganj, Noakhali | |08. Khulna |Rupsha Strand Road, Labonchora, Khulna | |09. Barisal |Holding No. 7641, Alekanda, Kotwali, Barisal | |10. Rajshahi |Talimari, Kazla, Rajshahi | |11. Shitalpur |Shitalpur, Sitakunda, Chittagong | |12. Sagorika |68/V Sagorika Road, Pahartali, P. O. Customs House, Chittagong | |13. Comilla |Poduabazar, Chaurasta, Comilla | |14. Sylhet |Mominkhola, Sylhet | |15. Jessore |Central Road, Ghoope, Jessore | |16. Bogra |Charmatha, Rangpur Road, Bogra | |17. Rangpur |Central Bus Terminal, R. K. Road, Rangpur | |19. Faridpur |West Goalchamot, Jessore, Faridpur | [pic] (Source: Internal information of Linde Bangladesh Limited) 1. 2. 7. Organizational Structure Linde Bangladesh Limited is separated into two units. One is Business Function Unit and another is Enabling Function Unit. Business function unit consists of five departments and Enabling function unit consists of seven departments. Unit |Departments | | |Sales Marketing | | | | |Business Function Unit | | | |Operations | | |Customer Service Center(CSC) | | |Cylinder Asset Management(CAM) | | |Distribution | | |Finance | | | | |Enabling Function Unit | | | |Human Resource(HR) | | |Procurement | | |Information Service(IS) | | |Safety Health Environment Quality | Table-1. : Organizational Departments of BOC Bangladesh Ltd 1. 2. 8. Range of Products and Service Line Bangladesh Limited delivers value-added solutions based on the supply of gases, equipment, consumables and services for: †¢ Manufacturing †¢ Hea lthcare †¢ Advanced technology and research industries. The products provided by Linde Bangladesh Ltd are Gases, Welding and Healthcare Gases Products and Services ? Compressed oxygen ? Refrigerant gases (Freon Suva) ? Hydrogen ? Gas welding and cutting equipment ? Fire suppression system ? Compressed helium ? Liquid helium ? Sulphurhexafluoride ? Sulphurdioxide ? Special gases gas mixtures ? Liquid oxygen ? Compressed nitrogen ? Liquid nitrogen Dissolved acetylene ? Carbon dioxide ? Gas welding rod flux ? Dry ice ? Argon ? Lamp gases ? LPG Gases are one of core products of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. A significant contribution to the total business comes from ASU gases and Dissolved Acetylene. Food grade liquid CO2 is another potential gas that has become very popular within the Hospitality/beverage segment. Welding Products and Services Welding products namely ms electrodes is the major bread earner for Linde Bangladesh. It contributes around 50+% of the company’s total r evenue. Competition is stiff in this segment, not only from local manufactures, but also in the form of imported electrodes. Linde Bangladesh’s main advantage in this business segment is its wide distribution network that allows it to send its products to all concerns of the market as well as its good will, which is very important, considering that all other brands sell at a significantly lower price. ? Mild steel cast iron electrodes ? Low hydrogen/low alloy electrodes ? Stainless steel electrodes ? Arc welding equipment accessories ? Plasma cutting equipment accessories ? Welding services training ? Welding equipment repairs ? Mig welding equipment accessories ? Tig welding equipment accessories Healthcare Products and Services The Medical Product Division of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. provides Medical gases and Equipment also promoting liquid medical Oxygen and many other health care products. Linde Bangladesh still known today as the organization that produces and sells life saving medical oxygen. Linde Bangladesh is also the local agents of some of the world’s leading medical equipment manufacturers such as ChoongWae, Tyco, DatexOhmeda, Nellcor Puritan Bennett etc. Linde Bangladesh’s medical product line includes but is not limited to the following: ? Medical oxygen ? Nitrous oxide ? Entonox ? Sterilizing gases ? Medical gases cylinder ? Anaesthesia machines ? Anaesthesia ventilators ? Other medical equipment on request ? ICU/CCU ventilators ? Pulse oximeter ? Infant warmer ? Photo therapy units ? Infant incubators ? OT table ? Autoclave /sterilizer ? Gynaecological tables ? Humidifier ? Oxygen concentratorResuscitators ? Central sterilizing and supply department (CSSD) Part-2 Chapter 2 Introduction to the Study 2. 0. Introduction to the Study 2. 1. Rationale of the Study: As a business graduate we gain plenty of theoretical knowledge. That is why we look forward to utilize our knowledge in the relevant field and now it’s the time to use this theoretical knowledge practically. But it’s true that it is likely to have some difference in theory and practice. Although by using the theoretical knowledge we are able to understand the pre-practical field, which help us to cope up the situation. Distribution is an important component of marketing; however Linde Bangladesh’s main advantage in welding business is its wide distribution network that allows it to send its products to all concerns of the market as well as its good will. Therefore being an intern of the marketing department of Linde Bangladesh Ltd; I decided to work with the distribution channel of the welding business of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. As a marketing major student this study gave me the opportunity to enrich the theoretical and practical knowledge having acquaintances with the practice. Additionally, this experience will further strengthen my marketing skills as well . Which ultimately will help a lot in my career in the forthcoming days. However this study can contribute a lot to the faculty of business administration and the university as a whole because to get the practical experience to develop the future career following students will be very encouraged to take such project. 2. 2. Statements of the Problems ? Optimization of distribution vehicles keeping safety at the top. ? Selecting the slow moving items to make it more available or demandable to the customer by improving market penetration. 2. 3. Scope and Delimitation of the study: I got the opportunities to see the internal work environment as well as got acquainted with their services, strategies that they follows, which was really helpful for me. Initially they provided me the details information about the distr